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Understanding Photosynthesis: Chloroplast Reactions and Plant Evolution

Dive into the world of photosynthesis, exploring the light reactions, Calvin Cycle, and evolution of chloroplasts. Discover why plants are green and learn about the essential role of chloroplasts in producing oxygen and sugars.

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Understanding Photosynthesis: Chloroplast Reactions and Plant Evolution

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  1. Hinton Scholars Program Photosynthesis

  2. Fig. 10-5-1 H2O Light NADP+ ADP + P i Light Reactions Chloroplast

  3. Fig. 10-5-2 H2O Light NADP+ ADP + P i Light Reactions ATP NADPH Chloroplast O2

  4. Fig. 10-5-3 CO2 H2O Light NADP+ ADP + P i Calvin Cycle Light Reactions ATP NADPH Chloroplast O2

  5. Fig. 10-5-4 CO2 H2O Light NADP+ ADP + P i Calvin Cycle Light Reactions ATP NADPH Chloroplast [CH2O] (sugar) O2

  6. Evolution of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

  7. Why are most (but not all) plants green? Violet and Blue are best transmitted through clear water. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dew_on_green_Plant.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplast http://www.pion.cz/en/article/electromagnetic-spectrum

  8. Fig. 10-18-1 Stomata What are stomata? What do they do? Beginning of the Calvin Cycle! http://www.hisse.net/forum/showthread.php?t=26901&page=11

  9. C4 Plants Fig. 10-19 The C4 pathway Mesophyll cell CO2 PEP carboxylase PEP hydroxylase binds to CO2 more strongly than rubisco. It will even bind CO2 at low concentrations. 3C 4C 3C Bundle- sheath cell These steps are isolated into different cells/compartments. CO2 Calvin Cycle Sugar Vascular tissue http://www.hisse.net/forum/showthread.php?t=26901&page=11

  10. CAM Plants Fig. 10-20 Stomata are closed during the day, but open at night to let in CO2. These steps are temporally separated. http://www.hisse.net/forum/showthread.php?t=26901&page=11

  11. Fig. 10-18-3 Input (Entering one at a time) 3 CO2 Phase 1: Carbon fixation Rubisco 3 P P Short-lived intermediate 6 P 3 P P Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) 3-Phosphoglycerate 6 ATP 6 ADP 3 ADP Calvin Cycle 6 P P 3 ATP 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate 6 NADPH Phase 3: Regeneration of the CO2 acceptor (RuBP) 6 NADP+ 6 P i P 5 G3P 6 P Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) Phase 2: Reduction 1 P Glucose and other organic compounds Output G3P (a sugar)

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