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Health, Exercise and Aging

Inadequate physical activity significantly contributes to health issues and mortality, with 60% of adults over 18 being sedentary. By 2020, 20% of adults were reported to engage in sufficient regular exercise. Physiologic functions peak in early adulthood, with strength and muscle mass declining with age. Regular aerobic training can prevent decreased cardiovascular fitness. Understanding these trends is crucial for addressing modifiable risk factors associated with conditions like coronary artery disease, obesity, and hypertension.

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Health, Exercise and Aging

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  1. Health, Exercise and Aging

  2. Reality • Life expectancy • 20 in 2020 • Inadequate physical activity is responsible 30% of deaths

  3. Inadequate Physical Activity • 60% of adults over 18 are sedentary • At most, 20% of adults obtain sufficient regular activity • Healthy People 2000

  4. Physiologic Function • Increases throughout childhood & young adults • peaks in early 30s

  5. Physiologic Function 100 General level of physiologic function (%) 30 Age (years)

  6. Strength Trends • Strength and x-sectional area greatest in 3rd decade • Denervation muscle atrophy (II) • 40-50% reduction

  7. Strength Trends • Aging process •  loading • can be counter-acted

  8. Strong Elderly Ages 60-72 • 12 wk resistance (80% 1 RM) • 107%  knee  strength • 227%  knee / strength • Hypertrophy of FT & ST -->  cross-sectional area = 28 y.o.

  9. Strength Trends

  10. Strength Trends

  11. Strength Trends

  12. Neurological Trends • Central control reduction • reflexes unaffected • Loss of > 1/3 of SC Axons • Reaction Times

  13. Cardiovascular Trends • no  in resting HR •  SV   CO •  VO2max of about 1%/year • 2x in sedentary

  14. Cardiovascular Trends Effects of Exercise • regular aerobic training  no  in VO2max •  systolic / diastolic properties • SV • a-v O2 difference

  15. Body Composition Trends • 35 - 60   BW and fat • 60+   fat but BW same

  16. Body Composition Trends

  17. Body Composition Trends

  18. Trainability Ability to adapt was thought to  w/ age Healthy • rate & magnitude of physiologic improvement is independent of age • Intensity is important

  19. Effects of Physical Activity

  20. 1995 Causes of Death

  21. CAD Nonmodifiable Risk Factors • age • sex • ethnicity • male pattern baldness • family history

  22. CAD Modifiable Risk Factors • diet • blood lipids • HTN • behavior patterns • smoking • uric acid levels

  23. CAD Modifiable Risk Factors • sedentary lifestyle • pulmonary function abnormalities • obesity • DM • ECG abnormalities • stress • education

  24. Blood Pressure (18+)

  25. Cholesterol

  26. Relative level of Risk

  27. Relative level of Risk

  28. Relative Level of Risk

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