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Understanding Crime and Violence: Nature, Rates, and Control Strategies

This chapter explores the complex nature of crime, distinguishing between criminal law and civil law, while examining perceptions of crime and how crime rates have changed over the last five years in the U.S. It discusses various types of crimes, including violent, property, white-collar, and organized crimes. The chapter further delves into the causes of crime and violence, integrating biological, sociological, and economic explanations. Key strategies for controlling crime, including rehabilitation, prevention, and reform, are also analyzed, providing a comprehensive overview of crime management.

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Understanding Crime and Violence: Nature, Rates, and Control Strategies

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  1. Chapter 5 Crime and Violence

  2. Nature of Crime • A crime is an act or omission of an act for which the state can apply a sanction. • Criminal Law prohibits certain acts and [prescribes the punishment • Civil law deals with noncriminal acts in which one person injures another; these are mediated by the state.

  3. Nature of Crime Perceptions of Crime and crime rates…. Is there more or less crime in the U.S than there was 5 years a go?

  4. Violent Crime Rates What is problematic about the way we count and present crime statistics?

  5. The Nature of Crime Police discretion Problems of accuracy Victimization reports

  6. Figure 5-3: Crime Index OffensesFigure 5-4: The Crime Clock

  7. Types of Crimes and Criminals • Violent Personal Crimes • Types of Criminal homicide • Murder • Manslaughter • Mass Murderers and Serial Killers

  8. Figure 5-5: Murder by Relationship; Figure 5-6: Situations Police Officers Were Killed in the Line of Duty

  9. Types of Crimes and Criminals • Occasional property crimes • Occupational (White-Collar) Crimes • Differential association • Embezzlement • Fraud • The Ponzi Scheme • Cybercrime • Corporate Crimes • Deregulation and Lax Enforcement

  10. Types of Crimes and Criminals • Public-Order Crimes • Organized Crime • Organized Crime and Corruption • Conventional and Professional Crimes • Cybercrime • Identity Theft • Juvenile Delinquency

  11. Causes of Crime & Violence Biological Explanations of Crime Biology, Violence, and Criminality Gender and Crime Age and Crime Sociological Explanations of Crime

  12. Figure 5-10 & 11: Total Arrests, by Sex, Race, and Area; Arrests per 100,000 Juveniles Ages 10–17

  13. Figure 5-12 & 13: Inequality & Crime; Homicide Rates in Death Penalty & Non-Death-Penalty States

  14. Gangs, Guns, & Violent Death; Causes of Crime & Violence • Conflict Approaches to the Study of Crime • Inequality and Crime • Cross-Cultural Research • Race and Crime; racial Profiling • The Functionalist View: Anomie Theory • Interactionist Approaches: Differential Association and Delinquent Subcultures

  15. Figure 5–9 Death Rates fromFirearms

  16. Controlling Crime • Retribution-Deterrence • Rehabilitation • Prevention • Harm Reduction and Juvenile Diversion • Mandatory Sentencing • Arrest and Incarceration

  17. Controlling Crime • The Prison Paradox; Racial Disparities in Sentencing; Alternatives to Incarceration • Occupational and Corporate Crimes • Organized Crime • Public-Order & Juvenile-Justice Reforms • Gun Control • Future Prospects

  18. Figure 5-14 & 15: State & Federal Prisoners; Incarceration Rates

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