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Byzantine Empire Orthodox Christianity

Byzantine Empire Orthodox Christianity. Chapter 9. 11. Byzantine Empire 12. Constantinople 13. Orthodox Christian Church 14. Constantine 15. Huns 16. Hellenistic culture 17. Greek fire 18. Tsar 19. Cyrillic alphabet. Vocabulary: 1. Justinian 2. Hagia Sophia 3. Bulgaria 4. Icons

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Byzantine Empire Orthodox Christianity

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  1. Byzantine EmpireOrthodox Christianity Chapter 9

  2. 11. Byzantine Empire 12. Constantinople 13. Orthodox Christian Church 14. Constantine 15. Huns 16. Hellenistic culture 17. Greek fire 18. Tsar 19. Cyrillic alphabet Vocabulary: 1. Justinian 2. Hagia Sophia 3. Bulgaria 4. Icons 5. Iconoclasm 6. Kiev 7. Vladimir I 8. Russian Orthodoxy 9. Boyars 10. Tatars

  3. I. The Byzantine Empire A. How it started 1. Emperor Constantine – 4th Century C.E. a. Constantinople built – replaced Byzantium b. Empire divided (originally by Diocletian) --Capitals at Rome and Constantinople c. Greek, not Latin, became the official language in the 6th century Why was this necessary? The Eastern Empire flourished economically as the western empire faded.

  4. B.Justinian & Theodora 1. Attempts reconquest of Italy a. Ultimately fails…weakens the east militarily & economically 2. Rebuilds Constantinople a. Hagia Sophia 3. Legal codification – foundation of later European law --“Justinian’s code” Emperor Justinian and Theodora

  5. The Byzantine Empire under Justinian

  6. C. Defending the Empire 1. Center of empire shifts to east – Emperors realized that expanding wasn’t possible…needed to defend the east 2. Constant external threats a. Arab Muslims --Attacks took almost half of Byzantine territory --Were still unable to conquer Constantinople b. Sassanid Empire c. Huns d. Germanic tribes e. Venice

  7. D. The End of the Byzantine Empire 1. Beginning in the mid 9th century the Byzantines were prosperous and militarily successful. However, in the 11th century the empire lost lands in Asia and effective control over much of the Balkan peninsula 2. Seljuk Turks take most of Asian provinces in Anatolia after defeating the Byzantines The Byzantine Empire, 1000-1100

  8. 3. The Crusades a. Call to West for help against Seljuk Turks…agree to use Constantinople as a base for operations b. 1204, crusaders sack Constantinople during the 4th Crusade --Done at the request of traders from Venice --Eventually Constantinople is brought back under Byzantine control 4. Territories lost to Ottoman Turks 5. Commerce dominated by Italian city-states of Venice & Genoa a. Hurt the Byzantines economically 6. The Black Death in 1300’s weakened the empire 7. Constantinople taken by Ottoman Turks in 1453…the end of the Byzantine Empire

  9. Byzantine Empire

  10. The Byzantine Empire

  11. E. Byzantine Society and Politics 1. Emperors resemble Chinese rulers a. Court ritual – rulers have blessing of God…similar to the “mandate of heaven” in classical China b. Head of church & state…wasn’t the case in the west 2. Imperial Senate…advised the emperor and provided a pool for higher appointments 3. Sophisticated bureaucracy – Open to all classes a. Trained in Hellenistic (Greek) knowledge 4. Provincial governors a. Byzantine ambassadors spied on the nations to which they were posted b. Bribes were used to buy off enemies and pay enemies of friendly states to keep those states off-balance c. What does the word “byzantine” mean today? Why?

  12. What would this be called today? 5. Economic control a. Government regulated food prices, trade --Peasants provided food & most of the taxes b. Silk production – allowed economic expansion --State regulated silk trade (silkworms stolen from China) 6. Trade network – Asia (Silk Roads), Russia, Scandinavia, Europe, Africa…location along major trade routes a. Trade concessions to foreigners b. Trade competition with Venice and other Italian city-states 7. Arts – Architecture (domed buildings), art (mosaics)

  13. F. The Family 1. Oldest male dominated the household…patriarchal 2. Parents were required by law to find spouses for children a. Childlessness was viewed by society as a disaster 3. Upper-class children were educated, while lower-class children received little to no education 4. The primary duty of a woman was to marry, bear children, and run the household 5. Marriage contracts agreed upon disposition of property 6. Women could inherit and dispose of property in any way they wished 7. Upper-class females were secluded and veiled 8. Very few women were educated

  14. G. Christianity Splits – East and West 1. Churches held many different beliefs…could not come to agreement a. Roman Catholicism didn’t like the influence of secular leaders in church affairs 2. Patriarch Michael a. 1054, attacks Catholic practices – communion bread, celibacy, church leadership (Pope vs. Patriarch) 3. Mutual excommunication leads to final split a. Created Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches 4. Orthodox missionaries converted Slavs in Balkans, Ukraine, and Russia 5. Saint Cyril developed Cyrillic alphabet for Slavs…almost all Slavic languages, including Russian, use this alphabet Vernacular? Saint Cyril

  15. Catholic vs. Orthodox

  16. **Spreads through conquest, conversion, trade!** **Orthodox Church allowed the use of the vernacular!** II. Byzantine Civilization Spreads A. Eastern Europe 1. Catholic vs. Orthodox a. Ideologies battle for converts 2. Catholics “win” in some areas a. Czechs, Hungary, Poland b. Latin dominates 3. Jews from western Europe a. Come to escape persecution

  17. B. The Kievan Rus’…The Beginning of Russia 1. Slavs…combine with previous settlers --Animistic religion 2. Scandinavian merchants trade with the Byzantine empire (6th & 7th Centuries) 3. Monarchy forms at Kiev 4. Vladimir I (980-1015) a. Converts to Orthodoxy b. Controls church & state

  18. Church of the Dormition in Varzuga, Russia 12th Century Russian icon…the Archangel Gabriel. C. Culture in KievanRus’ 1. Influenced by Byzantine patterns a. Rulers powerful in both religious & political matters 2. Orthodox influence a. Ornate churches, icons, saints entered Russian culture b. Monasticism grew in Russia 3. Boyars – Land-owning nobles a. Less powerful than nobles in Western Europe

  19. D. Kievan Decline 1. Asian invaders seized territory from the Rus’ 2. Mongols a. 13th century, take Russian cities b. Were allowed to keep traditional culture as long as tribute was paid to the Mongols E. The End of an Era in Eastern Europe 1. Mongol invasions usher in new period a. Russia declined, Byzantines suffered

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