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Understanding Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Key Checkpoints Explained

This comprehensive review delves into the cell division process, exploring the cell cycle's stages, including mitosis and cytokinesis. We examine crucial checkpoints where cell growth and DNA replication occur, highlighting when cells should divide and how growth inhibition can lead to problems like cancer. Additionally, we differentiate between mitosis and meiosis, discussing gamete formation and genetic variability resulting from processes like crossing over. This informative overview provides insights into the complexities of cellular division and its implications for health and disease.

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Understanding Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Key Checkpoints Explained

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Cell Division – a review

  2. Cell Cycle Control: What happens at each checkpoint? M = mitosis (nuclear division) C = cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division) G = gap (cell growth) S = synthesis (DNA replicated, cell growth)

  3. When to Divide?

  4. Growth Inhibition

  5. Control Problems - Cancer

  6. Supercoiling (DNA coils forming a chromatid)

  7. Human Chromosomes (unreplicated)

  8. Human Chromosomes (replicated and supercoiled)

  9. Chromosome (replicated)

  10. Chromosome Each DNA molecule coils to form a single chromatid. The two chromatids of a replicated chromosome are genetically identical.

  11. The Cell Cycle (Overview)

  12. Mitosis - Stages

  13. Prophase and Metaphase

  14. Anaphase and Telophase

  15. Cytokinesis (animal and plant)

  16. MEIOSISthe other type of nuclear division

  17. Gametes…why haploid?

  18. Oogenesis

  19. Spermatogenesis

  20. Meiosis

  21. Meiosis Overview

  22. Meiosis (Part I)

  23. Meiosis (Part II)

  24. Independent Assortment of Chromosomes

  25. Independent Assortmentanother view

  26. What happens when chromosomes do not separate properly during meiosis? Nondisjunction

  27. Down’s Syndrometrisomy 23

  28. Crossing Over Leads to Genetic Variability

  29. Compare Mitosis and Meiosis

  30. Mitosis vs. Meiosis

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