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Evolution of Optical Networking: From Telegraph to GLIF

Explore the historical journey and advancements in optical networking, from Claude Chappe's telegraph to modern GLIF technology. Learn about the transition from analogue to digital signals, fibre optic cables, optical switches, and network building blocks.

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Evolution of Optical Networking: From Telegraph to GLIF

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  1. Optical NetworkingPrimer John Dyer TERENA http://www.terena.nl TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  2. Troy – 1200 BC TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  3. Troy – 1200 BC TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  4. Troy – 1200 BC TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  5. Troy – 1200 BC TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  6. Troy – 1200 BC Troy to Agamemnon’s palace in Mycenae, 600km TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  7. le télégraphe optique • First real purpose built optical communication device • L'invention de : Claude Chappe -1791 TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  8. National Optical Network TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  9. Performance • 1794 - 230 km between Paris and Lille • By 1850 network grew to 556 stations covering 5000 km • 20 to 30 seconds per symbol per station in good weather conditions: More than 1 hour the characters on this slide TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  10. Electric Replaces Optical • 1816 Francis Ronalds • 8 miles of Iron wires • 1855 Giovanni Caselli • telegraph line between Paris and Lyon TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  11. 1876 - Telecommunications goes analogue TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  12. Analogue Signals Attenuation Output Source Noise TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  13. Analogue over copper • Copper wire has narrow bandwidth • Insufficient for backbones/long haul at high speed TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  14. Sending Digital Signals Power Volts 1 1 1 1 10mW 5 0 0 0 0 0mW 0 time time Coaxial cable TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  15. Digital over Analogue • 1950’s US Defence • 1958 - DARPAnet • 1962 – Bell 103 modem • 300 bits per second (about 40 characters per second) TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  16. The move to optical transmission • 1975 – Bell – 14 Km of waveguide in New Jersey, US • 1977 – Bell – live telephony in Chicago • 1977 – BT, UK live telephony • 1986 – Fibre link across English channel • 1988 – TAT-8 First Transatlantic Fibre • 280 Mbps and retired in 2002 (14 years) TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  17. Fibre Transmission TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  18. Fibre Optic Cables TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  19. Transmission • Chromatic Dispersion • Phase Dispersion • Attenuation TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  20. Digital can be cleanly regenerated Attenuation Output Regeneration Source Noise TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  21. Building Blocks TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  22. Building an Optical Network TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  23. Electrical & Optical Devices Electrical Domain Optical Domain emerging Classical Electrical Switch O-E-O Switch All Optical Switch TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  24. Optical Switches - MEMs TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  25. Electromagnetic Spectrum lambda TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  26. Multiple lambdas 1300nm 1600nm 850nm Don’t forget – λ’s in non-visible TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  27. Single Wave Length in a single fibre pair TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  28. Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM) in a single pair TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  29. Generalised IP Network TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  30. Backbone Core Optical TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  31. A Need full Internet routing B Need VPN services on/and full Internet routing C Need very fat pipes, limited multiple Virtual Organizations A B C User Classes Bandwidth consumed Number of users DSL GigE LAN Source: Cees de Laat, UvA TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  32. Hybrid Networking TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  33. Getting Access to Fibres Flexibility & control complexity • Buy or Lease a service • IP level or optical path • IRU • (Indefeasible Right of Use ) • Dig it yourself TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  34. GLIFGlobal Lambda Integrated Facility TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  35. GLIF Open Lightpath Exchanges • GLIF lambdas are interconnected through established exchange points known as GOLEs. • GOLEs are comprised of equipment capable of terminating lambdas and performing lightpath switching, allowing end-to-end connections • Open connection policy TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  36. Established GOLEs • CANARIE-StarLight, Chicago (CANARIE) • CANARIE-PNWGP, Seattle (CANARIE) • CERN, Switzerland (CERN) • KRLight, Seoul (KISTI) • MAN LAN, New York (Internet2, NYSERNET, Indiana Uni & IEEAF) • NetherLight, Amsterdam (SURFnet) • NorthernLight, Stockholm (NORDUnet) • Pacific Northwest GigaPoP, Seattle (Consortium of research and education orgs ) • StarLight, Chicago (UIC/EVL, NWU/iCAIR & Argonne) • T-LEX, Tokyo (WIDE) • UKLight, London (UKERNA) • UltraLight, Los Angeles (Caltech/NSF) TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  37. GLIF Working Groups • TERENA provides GLIF secretariat function • Governance & Growth • Chair: Kees Neggers (SURFnet) • Technical Issues • Co-Chairs: Erik-Jan Bos (SURFnet) & René Hatem (CANARIE) • Control Plane & Grid Integration Middleware • Chair: Gigi Karmous-Edwards (MCNC) • Research & Applications • Co-Chairs: Maxine Brown (UIC) & Larry Smarr (UCSD) TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  38. References • The Telegraph Of Claude Chappe -An Optical Telecommunication Network For The XVIIIth Century http://services3.ieee.org/organizations/history_center/cht_papers/dilhac.pdf • Data Communications: The First 2500 Years http://spinroot.com/gerard/pdf/hamburg94b.pdf • A Survey of MEMS-Enabled Optical Devices – (January 2006) http://www.iec.org/newsletter/jan06_2/broadband_1.html • Wavelength switches and the automated optical network – Status & outlook (2005) http://www.telenor.com/telektronikk/volumes/pdf/2.2005/Page_081-086.pdf • GLIF website http://www.glif.is TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

  39. Good luck with finding your way home TF-PR, Paris, September 2006

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