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World War II

The period of World War II saw the emergence of totalitarian regimes, particularly under Stalin's Soviet Union, Mussolini's Italy, and Hitler's Germany. Stalin implemented economic plans through massive collective farms leading to widespread starvation and industrialization, while employing purges and show trials to eliminate opposition. Mussolini’s Fascist Party arose in Italy, suspending elections and engaging in aggressive conquests. Hitler, fueled by resentment after WWI, ascended to power, promoting Aryan supremacy and ultimately leading to the horrors of the Holocaust. These dictators played critical roles in igniting the global conflict.

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World War II

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  1. World War II

  2. Rise of DictatorsStalin’s Soviet Union • Economic Plans • Huge collective farms • Starvation & rationing • Pushed industrialization more • Reign of Terror • Purges – removed enemies & undesirables • Show trials – always guilty • Millions killed or put in camps

  3. Fascism in Italy • Benito Mussolini’s Fascist Party • Appointed Prime Minister • Suspended elections • Began conquests – Ethiopia

  4. Hitler’s Rise to Power • Served in WWI – injured • Hated Versailles Treaty

  5. Nazi Party • National Socialist German Workers Party • Nov. 1923 – 3000 followers tried to overthrow • Fail, jailed • Wrote “Mein Kampf” • Wanted German Homeland • Aryan Race – Blonde hair/blue eyes

  6. Hitler Becomes Chancellor • 1932 – made by Hindenburg • Suspended free speech and press • Brown shirts – Nazi thugs quiet opposition • 1934 – Pres too = Der Fuhrer

  7. Rearms and Expands • Secretly began rearming • Built autobahn • Army began taking over land • Allied with Italy = Axis Powers

  8. Spanish Civil War • Several parties fought for power • Nationalist lead by Gen. Franco • Dictatorship • Germany helped Franco

  9. Europe Goes to WarInvasion of Poland • Hitler & Stalin sign Non-Aggression Pact • 9/1/39 – Hitler invades Poland • 9/3 – UK & France declare war • German blitzkrieg – lightening war • Fast, concentrated air and land attack

  10. War in the West • Poland fell, war stopped • Sitzkrieg – sit down war • Maginot Line – French fortification line

  11. France Falls • 4/9/40 – Attack Denmark & Norway • Went around Maginot • 6/22 – France surrenders to Germany • Vichy France – Nazi control • Bottom ¼ - Gen de Gaulle & resistance • Allies – France, UK, USA

  12. Battle of Britain • Luftwaffe attacks London • Royal Air Force (RAF) attacks Berlin • Heavy bombing, much death, destruction • Britain hid in subway • Kids shipped to countryside

  13. Japan Builds an Empire Growing Military Power • 1920s – recession • Military began influencing politics • Invaded and took Manchuria from China • Puppet State

  14. War Against China • 1937 invaded China • Rape of Nanjing – 100,000 killed • US wanted Japan to stop • UK helped China fight back • 1940 – Japan joined Axis

  15. US Chooses Neutrality • 1930’s – Neutrality Acts • Prevented trade with countries at war • Europe and Asia fell to war • US watched

  16. Americas Involvement Grows • Revised Neutrality Acts • Gave aid to UK and France • Most wanted “all aid short of war” • FDR wins 3rd election • Lend-Lease = send aid now, get back later

  17. Japan Attacks!!! • Sunday, December 7, 1941 @ 7am • Radar saw planes “Don’t worry” • After 3 hours • 2400 killed • 200 planes destroyed • 18 warships sunk • 12/8 – US declares war

  18. US Mobilization • Selective Training and Service Act • 16 million called GIs – Government Issue • 25,000 NA – code talkers • Tuskegee Airmen – All AA units • 350,000 women

  19. The War Economy • Office of War Mobilization • Stopped consumer goods • Started war goods • Ford – B-24 bombers • Paid by taxes and bonds

  20. Daily Life • Shortage of consumer goods • Food stamps & rationing • Food needed for troops • Victory Gardens • Spent money on other things • Baseball, music, movies

  21. American’s Join In • US & UK fought U-Boats in Atlantic • 20 U-Boats = Wolf Pack • Sunk 175 ships in June 1942

  22. North Africa • Feb 1941 • Hitler sends Gen. Rommel “Desert Fox” • US Gen Eisenhower fought back • Nazi lost in 1943

  23. Italy • US invaded Italy next under Gen. Patton • Mussolini arrested, new govt. set • Nazi pushed out by April 1945

  24. Soviet Union • German blitzkrieg & Luftwaffe • Nazi began to take over • Stalin called for help, US did • Battle of Stalingrad (Sept 1942) • Red Army took advantage of winter • Losses: Germany 33,000, Red – 1 million

  25. Allied Air War • RAF’s carpet bombing – 3000 planes • 1000’s of civilians killed

  26. Invasion of Western Europe • Operation Overlord by Gen. Marshall • D-Day June 6, 1944 • Ships, planes attack Normandy, France • Able to liberate France • Battle of the Bulge • Small US units took West Europe

  27. War Ends • Soviets fought to Berlin in 1945 • Hitler refuses to leave city • Underground bunker with wife • Suicide April 30th • Germany surrenders May 8th • VE Day

  28. Yalta Conference • Feb 1945 • Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin • Split Germany in 4 • Berlin too (deep in USSR) • Stalin promised to end war with Japan • Didn’t keep promise

  29. The Holocaust • Aryans – Germanic People • Semites – Middle Eastern/Jews • Anti-Semitism – hatred of Jews • Hitler believed in Aryan superiority

  30. Persecution in Germany • 1933 – Anti-Semitism became law • 33-45 – 6 million Jews killed • Other groups (6 mil) suffered too

  31. Nazi Policies • Jews lost citizenship, fired, sell business • Define “Jew” – 3 of 4 grandparents • “Sarah” and “Israel” • Forced to wear Star of David

  32. Kristallnacht • Most Jews believed they would endure • November 9, 1938 • SS destroyed all Jew stores, houses, temples • “Night of Broken Glass” • Forced to ghettos

  33. Einsatzgruppen • Mobile killing squads in Russia • Jews and Communists dug own graves • Shot by Nazi soldiers • Wannsee Conference 1942 • Wanted Final Solution

  34. Death Camps – Part 1 • Zyklon B – pesticide • Shower rooms that expelled gas • 6 camps in Poland became Death Camps • Used cattle trains to move people

  35. Death Camps – Part 2 • Auschwitz & Dachau = worst • 2 lines – Work or Die • Gas Chamber -> furnace • Alive – shaved, tattoo, work

  36. Death Camps – Part 3 • Hard work, little food, disease, brutality • Torture and medical experiments • 12,000 gassed a day

  37. Rebellion, Rescue, & Liberation • Some Jews fought back • Worked for a moment • US knew in 1942 – did nothing • Troops found camps in 1945 • Photographed everything! • No idea what they were seeing

  38. Nuremberg Trials • 24 Nazi leaders tried for crimes against humanity • 12 got death penalty • Israel still finding and trying Nazi criminals

  39. War in the Pacific • Japan took over much of East Asia • POWs tortured, marched for days • Ship battles, many attacks • Fought on islands – Island hopping • Kamikazes – suicide planes • Japanese in US put in internment camps

  40. Iwo Jima and Okinawa • Two major battles • Iwo Jima – 25,000 deaths, 27 medal of honor • Famous flag picture • Okinawa – huge allied fleet, fought kamikazes • 50,000 dead

  41. Manhattan Project • To develop atomic bomb • Truman made decision to drop to save lives • 8/6/45 – 1st bomb on Hiroshima • 80,000 killed, 90% of city leveled • August 14th – Japan surrenders

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