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Parts of speech

Parts of speech. Verb - Modals. Introduction. Modals or modal auxiliary verbs. They are used before the infinitives of other verbs. They add certain kinds of meaning connected with certainty or with obligation and freedom to act. Summary. can → could may → might will → would

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Parts of speech

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  1. Parts of speech Verb - Modals

  2. Introduction • Modals or modal auxiliary verbs. • They are used before the infinitives of other verbs. • They add certain kinds of meaning connected with certainty or with obligation and freedom to act.

  3. Summary can→ could may → might will → would shall → should must ought to

  4. Grammar • Theyhave no –s in thethird person singular. Shemayknow his address. • Questions, negatives, shortanswerswithoutdo. Couldyouswimwhenyouweresix? He shouldn’tdo it.

  5. Grammar • Aftermodalswe use theinfinitewithout to. Youmustwatertheflowers. • Oughtisanexception. Sheoughtto understand. • Progressive, perfectandpassiveinfinitives are alsopossible. Shecouldbewaiting in front of theschool. Theflatshouldberenovated.

  6. Periphrasis can→ beable to may → beallowed to must → have to beobliged to beforced to

  7. Meaning Most of themeanings of modalverbs canbedividedintotwogroups: • Degrees of certainty. • Obligationandfreedom to act.

  8. Degrees of certainty It won’t rainthis evening. You must betired. She should behere soon. The water may not bewarm enough. I might seeyou again – who knows.

  9. Obligation and freedom to act • Strong obligation. You must registerfor the exam. • Prohibition. You must not usea dictionary. • Recommendation. You should try to work harder. • Permission. Can I borrow your book? • Ability. She can speak six languages.

  10. Literatura ALEXANDER, L. G. LongmanEnglishGrammar.1. vyd. London and New York: Longman, 1988. ISBN 0-582-55892-1. SWAN, M. PracticalEnglishUsage. 9. vyd. Oxford: OUP, 2003. ISBN 0-19-442146-5.

  11. Translate • Měl bys to udělat. • Uměl plavat, když mu byly tři. • Mluví šesti jazyky (ona). • Otevřel bys okno? • Nesmíš používat slovník.

  12. Děkujiza pozornost.

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