OPS-G Forum An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for ESOC

OPS-G ForumAn Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for ESOC Michael Jones and Mario Merri OPS-GD

Roadmap • Introduction (MJ) • ECSS – Organisation and Standards (MJ) • CCSDS – Organisation and Standards (MM) • Standardisation in ESA – ESB (MM) • Standardisation in D/OPS (MM) • Conclusions (MJ) OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

Why do we need Standards? • Standards make the development, manufacturing and supply of products and services more efficient, safer and cheaper • Standards facilitate smooth and fair trading between organisations • Standards aid in the transfer of knowledge and enhance the engineering capabilities of smaller or developing organisations • Standards assist in the education of today’s and future engineers • conformance to standards avoids "reinventing the wheel" • Standards have an important role in enabling European industry to remain competitive in the marketplace and to conquer new markets OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

What is ECSS? • HISTORY: Established in1993, superseding ESA’s role in producing the Procedures, Standards and Specifications (PSS) series • COMPOSITION: ESA, National Space Agencies and European Space Industry (represented via Eurospace) • OBJECTIVE: To build a complete system of European standards elaborated on a consensual basis by the different partners for the benefit of the whole European space community • ACHIEVEMENT: More than 100 standards have been published since 1996 covering Management, Quality and Engineering • WEB: www.ecss.nl OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

Space project management Space product assurance Level 1 ECSS-Q-00 Policy and principles ECSS-M-00 Policy and principles ECSS-M-10 Project breakdown structure ECSS-Q-20 Quality assurance ECSS-M-20 Project organisation ECSS-Q-30 Dependability ECSS-M-30 Project phasing and planning ECSS-Q-40 Safety Level 2 ECSS-M-40 Configuration management ECSS-Q-60 EEE Components ECSS-M-50 Information/document management ECSS-Q-70 Materials, mechanical parts and processes ECSS-Q-80 Software product assurance ECSS-M-60 Cost and schedule management ECSS-M-70 Integrated logistic support Level 0 Level 3 Level 3 Product assurance standards Level 3 Management standards The ECSS Standards Tree ECSS-S-00 ECSS System: Description and implementation ECSS-P-001 Glossary of terms Space engineering ECSS-E-00 Policy and principles ECSS-E-10 System engineering ECSS-E-20 Electrical and electronic ECSS-E-30 Mechanical ECSS-E-40 Software ECSS-E-50 Communications ECSS-E-60 Space engineering control ECSS-E-70 Ground systems and operations Level 3 Engineering standards OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

ECSS: Recent Organisational Developments BACKGROUND • In late 2005 it was recognized by ECSS Steering board that • The maturity of the published standards set was increasing  maintenance required, • not all the published material was completely suitable for direct use in business agreements CONSEQUENCES • To address this, the ECSS Steering board decided appointed two Task Forces: • Task Force #1 - Organization of ECSS, and • Task Force #2 - ECSS Content OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

ECSS Task Force #1: The Results • Task Force #1 remit: • To assess the current ECSS organization in view of a transition to a phase with the main weight on maintaining the set of standards • from this, to propose a new ECSS organization for SB approval • TF #1 produced 10 recommendations. • A central one was recommendation #4 “To establish a Technical Authority (TA) as the main technical approval authority for all changes to existing ECSS standards and the release of new ECSS standards. • The process of evaluating and implementing changes to existing documents and to endorse new documents will be covered by this single forum providing the technical advisory and approval function of standards within the ECSS organization • TA is composed of Delegates who are not ad personam, they represent their organization and have a mandate to vote on behalf of the member organization” OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

Steering Board Executive Secretariat Technical Authority WorkingGroup Working Group Network of experts WorkingGroup Working Group New ECSS Organization ex TF #1 • The previous organization had three panels at the level of the Technical Authority • For a smooth transition, these panels still exist and are attached (as consultative bodies) to the TA. • Phase-out criteria will be defined by TA and endorsed by SB OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

ECSS Task Force #2: The Results • The "ECSS Content Task force" had the tasks of: • Examining the quality of the standards documents • Determining the adequacy of the agreed Work Plan completing a "Minimum set of Standards" suitable for user in business agreements for all types of Space projects. • General Observations of TF#2: • The Management Standards are mature • The Quality branch is widely used in space projects and mature, but • Some of the standards need improvement • 10 documents are “mixtures” of standards and handbook material • The Safety standard should be replaced by an equivalent ISO standard • Engineering Branch presents more problems to the user community than the Management or Quality branches: • Not all directly usable in business agreements, especially for “mixture” documents • In some cases, tailoring is essential but non-trivial. As such TF#2 recommended that standard should require only minimal tailoring OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

The E-40 Branch: Software Engineering • Software Engineering (presented in OPS-G Forum on 20 Jan 2006) • ESOC approach is based on the use of a tailored version of the ECSS standards (SETG) • ECSS-E-40 strongly criticised by TF#2 as “too general to be directly applied to common categories of space related software.” • TF#2 also required “A normative applicability matrix to be added to define which quality requirement is applicable for software of which criticality class.” • The TF2 detailed recommendations are being discussed by BSSC with a approach along the following lines: • Provide a pre-tailoring of E-40 per criticality level in a new E-40 version E-040C • Give more precision on testing requirements (e.g. test coverage) • Give more precision on the incremental life-cycle model • ESOC’s SETG can be updated to E-40C referring to Points 2 and 4 seem to have come from space segment users: • Dealing with point (3) must be considered carefully by ESOC • Inappropriate choice of criticality levels could push up costs significantly • Simulator Model Portability 2 OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

The E-50 Branch: Communications • TF2 recommended that “ECSS produce a set of ECSS communications documents for procurement of European Space Systems. These ECSS documents should be made consistent with the relevant CCSDS documents and may call them up as written where appropriate.” • TF2 noted that 3 published standards are suitable and that 5 more in various stages of preparation (including ECSS-50-03A Telemetry, ECSS-E-30-04A Telecommand) need to be completed and published urgently (1) Implies that rewriting of CCSDS documents will be avoided OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

The E-70 Branch: Ground systems and operations standards TF2 View: • TF2 considered that the documents in this branch are good examples of standards Available E-70 Standards: • E-70A Ground Systems and Operations Part 1 and Part 2 • E-70-11 Space Segment Operability • E-70-32 Test and Operations Procedure Language • E-70-41 Telemetry and Telecommand Packet Utilization (“PUS”) In Preparation: • E-70B – will replace E-70A Part 1 and Part 2 • E-70-01 On-board Control Procedures • E-70-31 Monitoring and Control Data Definition Other: • Space Link Extension (SLE) services are also in this branch. They will probably be incorporated via an adoption notice of the ISO/CCSDS standards OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

E-70B: Scope and Status (1) • The Standard has been restructured to clearly separate Ground Segment Engineering and Operations Engineering disciplines (reflecting the fact that there may be different suppliers) • The processes for these engineering disciplines are first defined and then the processes are mapped onto the classical development and operation phases (A,B,C,D,E,F) • The process names (and associated documentation and reviews) have been aligned with E-10 “System Engineering” wherever possible. In a few appropriate cases, they have been tailored for application to the Ground Segment domain • As a departure from the E-70A approach, no reference architecture is assumed for the ground segment. Instead, the generic major functions are identified with no presumption on how they are grouped or distributed • Functions are harmonised with the European technology Harmonisation for Ground Software Systems • Some detailed requirements of E-70A have been deleted (those addressing the “how” rather than the “what”) OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

E-70B Scope and Status (2) • The ECSS Task Force 2 identified E-70 Part 2 as being of the nature of a “Handbook”, rather than a “Standard”. Consequently, Part 2 will lapse and will be replaced instead by a set of new “normative” Annexes to E-70B. The current DRDs will be significantly slimmed-down to retain only the essential requirements for document contents (work in progress) • A new Ground Segment and Operations document has been identified covering “Customer Furnished Items and Services Requirements (CFISRD)”. The generic requirements to be included in this document will be defined in a new Annex to E-70B (work in progress) OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

E-70-01: Satellite On-board Control Procedures OBJECTIVES • To standardise the source language, such that: • procedure scripts can be re-used between missions • spacecraft engineers can work with a single language • To standardise the target language, such that: • on-board interpreters can be re-used between missions • ground tools can be re-used between missions • To standardise the interface between the on-board execution environment and the other on-board systems • To standardise the interface with the spacecraft database (on ground) STATUS • Currently a working group draft • The E-70-01 working group started work in 2005 • The standard is expected to be ready for Public Review in mid-2007 and to be published in 2008 SCOPE STATUS OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

E-70-31: Monitoring and Control Data Definition OBJECTIVES • Specifies the mission-specific data used by ground systems to perform space system integration, testing and mission operations • Promotes a life-cycle approach to monitoring and control data from low-level testing to in-flight operations • Requirements are defined in terms of “what” data is provided by the supplier to the customer. “How” this data is provided is outside the scope of this standard and may benefit from the CCSDS XTCE work (see later) STATUS • Public Review completed in 2005. More than 200 DRRs were received from ECSS partners • The E-70-31 working group has processed the DRRs and updated the standard accordingly. The new draft is under final review by the ECSS Engineering Panel SCOPE STATUS OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

Roadmap • Introduction (MJ) • ECSS – Organisation and Standards (MJ) • CCSDS – Organisation and Standards (MM) • Standardisation in ESA – ESB (MM) • Standardisation in D/OPS (MM) • Conclusions (MJ) OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

What is CCSDS? • The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) • formed in 1982 by the major space agencies of the world • provides a forum for discussion of common problems in the development and operation of space data systems • It is currently composed of • 10 member agencies • ASI, BNSC, CNES, CSA, DLR, ESA, FSA, INPE, JAXA, NASA • 22 observer agencies • over 100 industrial associate • CCSDS develops Recommendations for data- and information-systems standards to • reduce the cost to the various agencies of performing common data functions by eliminating unjustified project-unique design and development, and • promote interoperability and cross support among cooperating space agencies to reduce operations costs by sharing facilities OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

CCSDS - Overview and Organisation OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

CCSDS WGs • More general info and docs download: www.ccsds.org • More about WGs: public.ccsds.org/sites/cwe/default.aspx ESA member ESA lead OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

CCSDS: Systems Engineering Area (SEA) • Security WG • Encryption Standard [Q2/07] • Authentication Standard [Q2/07] • see D. Fischer’s OPS-G forum of 3rd Nov 06 • XML Standards & Guidelines SIG • Delta-Differential One-way Ranging (Delta-DOR) • Green book in preparation OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

CCSDS: Mission Operations and Information Management Services Area (MOIMS) • Data Archive Ingestion WG • Standardise archive submission information (e.g. metadata keywords ) • Submission Information Package (SIP) [Q3/07] • Navigation WG • Standardise data content and formats of tracking, attitude, trajectory, and ancillary data: • Orbit Data Message (ODM) [available] • Attitude Data Message (ADM) [Q2/07] • Tracking Data Message (TDM) [Q3/07] • XML Navigation Data Message [Q4/07] • Information Packaging and Registries WG • Standardise information packaging (i.e. how to associate and package data and metadata) • XML Formatted Data Unit (XFDU) [Q3/07] • Spacecraft Monitoring & Control WG • Standardise Mission Operations Services to enable build up M&C systems by use of “plug & play” components, maybe from different Agencies, systems and suppliers • Set of SM&C Services [Q4/07] • XML Telemetric and Command Exchange (XTCE) [Q2/07] OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

CCSDS: Cross Support Services Area (CSS) • Service Management WG • Standardise the arranging, scheduling, control, and monitoring of SLE TT&C services • Space Link Extension - Service Management - Service Specification [Q2/07] • Cross Support Transfer Service WG • Standardise the SLE transfer services • Return All Frames (RAF) [available] • Return Channel Frames (RCF) [available] • Return Operational Control Fields (ROCF) [available] • Forward CLTU [available] • Forward Space Packet (FSP) [available] • Use of SLE Transfer Services over TCP/IP [Q2/07] • Specification of APIs for each Transfer Services [Q2/07] OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

CCSDS: Spacecraft Onboard Interface Services Area (SOIS) • It defines generic services to simplify the way flight software interacts with flight hardware and permit interoperability and reusability • Not relevant to D/OPS as it deals mainly with on-board interfaces OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

CCSDS: Space Link Services Area (SLS) • RF and Modulation WG • Standardisation of RF and Modulation in 26 and 32 GHz frequency band [Q1/09] • Space Link Coding and Synchronization WG • Standardisation of High Performance Coding • Serially Concatenated Convolutional Codes [Q4/07] • Digital Video Broadcasting Usage by Space Missions (DBV-S2) [Q4/07] • Long Erasure Codes [Q4/07] • Data Compression WG • Standardisation of highly efficient data compression schemes • Lossless Data Compression [available] • Image Data Compression [available] • Ranging WG • Standardisation of ranging for interplanetary missions • Pseudo-Noise Ranging [Q3/08] OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

CCSDS: Space Internetworking Services Area (SIS) • It provides services and protocols to address networked interactions of many forms: • between spacecraft and earth-based resources • among spacecraft • between spacecraft and landed elements, and • within heterogeneous spacecraft • Not that relevant to D/OPS with the exception of • CCSDS File Transfer Protocol [available] • Mars communication profile BOF OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

ESB Where and How does ESA Fit? OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

ESSB ESSB ESSB ESSB DG DG ESA Standardisation ESA Standardisation ESA Standardisation ESA Standardisation Steering Board Steering Board Steering Board Steering Board MSSG MSSG ESB ESB PA PA - - CCB CCB MSSG MSSG ESB ESB PA PA - - CCB CCB Engineering Engineering PA & Safety PA & Safety Management Management Engineering Engineering PA & Safety PA & Safety Management Management Standardisation Standardisation Configuration Configuration Standards Steering Standards Steering Standardisation Standardisation Configuration Configuration Standards Steering Standards Steering Board Board Control Board Control Board Group Group Board Board Control Board Control Board Group Group EESB EESB EESB EESB Electrical Engineering Electrical Engineering Electrical Engineering Electrical Engineering Standardisation Board Standardisation Board BSSC BSSC SESB SESB Standardisation Board Standardisation Board BSSC BSSC SESB SESB Board for Software Board for Software System Engineering System Engineering Board for Software Board for Software System Engineering System Engineering GOSB GOSB Standardisation & Control Standardisation & Control Standardisation Board Standardisation Board GOSB GOSB Standardisation & Control Standardisation & Control Standardisation Board Standardisation Board Ground Systems & Ops Ground Systems & Ops Ground Systems & Ops Ground Systems & Ops Standardisation Board Standardisation Board CESB CESB STAB STAB Standardisation Board Standardisation Board CESB CESB STAB STAB Full D/OPS involvement Control Engineering Control Engineering Standards Approval Standards Approval Control Engineering Control Engineering Standards Approval Standards Approval MESB MESB Standardisation Board Standardisation Board Board for TLM & TLC Board for TLM & TLC MESB MESB Standardisation Board Standardisation Board Board for TLM & TLC Board for TLM & TLC Mechanical Eng. Mechanical Eng. Partial D/OPS involvement Mechanical Eng. Mechanical Eng. Standardisation Board Standardisation Board Standardisation Board Standardisation Board The ESA Context and D/OPS Focus OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

ESB Workflow Workplan Approval Activities’ Monitor & Control ESB ESB Sub-Board Sub-Board decisions controlling reporting proposals Tech. Rep. ESA Rep. ESA Rep. ECSS/CCSDS WG ECSS/CCSDS WG ESB recommends inclusion of published standards in the “ESA Approved Standards” list, which makes their use mandatory for future missions! http://ids2.esa.int:81/ATTACHEMENTS/A132787/index.htm OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

1. Interoperable Onboard Interfaces 5. System Engineering 6. Software Engineering 4. Data Interchange and Archiving Services 2. Highly Efficient Communications in Resource-Constrained Environments 3. Mission Operations Services STAB GOSB GOSB SESB BSSC CESB D/OPS Standardization Framework OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

Safeguarding D/OPS’s Interests • Invest in the development of standards that meets the D/OPS strategy objectives: • Reduce technical risks in ground segment systems and operations • Reduce cost of ground segment systems and operations • Establish the baseline for the development of the ESA ground segment infrastructure • Allow interoperability within and across organisations • Increase competitiveness of ground segment European Industry • Maintain the leadership in ground segment systems and operations and avoid insurgence of undesired standards • Provide D/OPS with visibility on the status of relevant activities OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

Approach to D/OPS Standardization • Planning • Use already in place organisation (ESB) for an ESA-wide-consistent standardization workplan • Rely on D/OPS representatives in ESB to assure compliance to D/OPS objectives • J.F. Kaufeler, OPS-G, D/OPS member in ESB • M. Merri, OPS-GD, ESB Secretary and GOSB chair • M. Spada, OPS-GD, co-chair of BSSC • D/OPS representative in sub-boards and working groups • Document workplan fit to D/OPS objectives in “D/OPS Engineering Standardization Plan and Report” (once per year in Nov) • Execution • Use already in place organisation (ESB) to monitor and control activities • Improve reporting capabilities of: • ESB on activities’ status • Creation of central ESB DB agreed at last ESB meeting • D/OPS on resource utilisation • One-to-one correspondence between approved workplan and PFMS • Authorisation procedure for Mission Travels and Industrial Costs • Reporting to D/OPS on resource utilisation in Appendix of “D/OPS Engineering Standardization Plan and Report” (twice per year in Nov and Jul) OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

Nature of Standardization Work • Standardization work is a very particular type of work • it has not all the characteristics of a typical project • its lifecycle can hardly be paced by a normal Project Management Plan • In fact, standardization work is: • speculative and experimental in several aspects • typically based on “compromise engineering” where a large consensus must be achieved • conducted by joining the forces of several organizations, each with very different agendas, different resource level, different interests and different authorities. This implies: • More difficult to reach consensus • More difficult to manage manpower and industrial cost expenses • More difficult to control the schedule and the deliverables • often done on a voluntary basis by staff who work on mission/infrastructure projects which naturally take priority OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

Another Challenge of International Standardisation OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

Summary of 2006 Achievements OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

Applicability of D/OPS Standardization to Missions and Infra-structure OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

Representation (ESA/OPS) • ECSS • 1/0 ECSS Steering Board • 2/0 ECSS Executive • 1/0 Engineering Panel • 31/4 working group chairs • Calzolari (GI), Gomez (GI), Jones (GD), Vassallo (OW) • 122/18 members in 61 working groups • CCSDS • 1/1 ESA representative in CMC (J.F.Kaufeler) • 1/1 deputy CESG chair (N. Peccia) • 3/1 area directors (6 in total) • Peccia (GI) • 12/7 working group chairs • 3xCalzolari (GI), Doat (GI), Merri (GD), 2xVassallo (OW) • 23/10 members in 35 working groups • OMG • Passive role (observer) OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

Conclusions • ESOC Staff are heavily involved in preparing standards • There are mature standards that are applicable to ESOC’s work • We have highlighted newer or emerging standards that will be applicable or useful for ESOC • A D/OPS standardization plan is now in place • Measures are being put in place to allow better monitoring and reporting of standardization activities in ESA OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

OPS-G Forum - An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for D/OPS

OPS-G Forum An Appraisal of Ground Segment & Operations Standards for ESOC