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Chapter One

Chapter One. Introduction to Information Systems. Knowledge. Information. Data. Information Concepts. The body of guidelines and procedures used to select, organize, and manipulate data to make it suitable for a specific task.

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Chapter One

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  1. Chapter One Introduction to Information Systems

  2. Knowledge Information Data Information Concepts The body of guidelines and procedures used to select, organize, and manipulate data to make it suitable for a specific task. A collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the value of facts themselves. Raw facts IS for Management

  3. Information Concepts Knowledge Base The collection of rules, procedures, and relationships that must be followed to achieve informational value or proper process outcome. ProcessA set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined outcome. IS for Management

  4. Types of Data (Table 1.1) DataRepresented by Alphanumeric Numbers, letters, & other characters Image Graphic images or pictures Audio Sound, noise, or tones Video Moving images or pictures IS for Management

  5. Accurate Complete Economical Flexible Reliable Relevant Simply Timely Verifiable Accessible Secure Characteristics of Valuable Information (Table 1.2) IS for Management

  6. The Value of Information(Figure 1.2) IS for Management

  7. INPUTSGathering and capturing raw data PROCESSINGConverting or transforming data into useful outputs OUTPUTSProducing useful information, usually in the form of documents. Feedback Components of a system Output that is used to make changes to input or processing activities IS for Management

  8. System Classifications & Primary Characteristics Simple Complex Open Closed Stable Dynamic Adaptive Non-adaptive Permanent Temporary IS for Management

  9. System Performance Standards • Efficiency A measure of what is produced divided by what is consumed. • Effectiveness A measure of the extent to which a system achieves its goals. • Performance Standard A specific objective of the system. • Superior - Standard - Deficient • Sales performance • Market share • Defective parts experience • Scrap output rate IS for Management

  10. System Variables & Parameters • System Variable A quantity or item that can be controlled by the decision maker. • System Parameter A value or quantity that cannot be controlled by the decision maker. IS for Management

  11. Modeling a System • Model An abstraction or an approximation that is used to represent reality • Model Types • Narrative: Words • Physical: Tangible • Schematic: Graphical • Mathematical: Formula IS for Management

  12. Information System (IS) A set of interrelated elements or components that collect (input), manipulate (process), and disseminate (output) data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective. IS for Management

  13. Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS) • Computer-Based Information Systems Composed of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information. • Technology Infrastructure The shared IS resources that form the foundation for the information systems. • Business Information Systems Transaction: Any business related exchange. IS for Management

  14. Types of CBIS (1) • Transaction processing system An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to record completed business transactions. • E-Commerce Any business transaction executed electronically between parties involving the exchange of goods and/or services for an equitable consideration. • Management Information System Organized set of people, procedures, databases, and devices used to provide routine information to managers and decision makers. IS for Management

  15. Types of CBIS (2) • Decision Support Systems A set of people, procedures, databases, and devices used to support problem-specific decision making. • Artificial Intelligence (AI) A group of types of CBIS that involve computer systems taking on the characteristics of human intelligence • Expert Systems (ES) • A set of people, procedures, databases, and devices used to give the computer the ability to make suggestions and act like an expert in a particular field • Robotics • Natural Language • Neural Networks, etc. IS for Management

  16. Investigation Analysis Design Implementation Review Systems Development The activity of creating or modifying business systems. IS for Management

  17. Project Management A method and set of techniques based on accepted principles of management used for planning, estimating, and controlling work activities to reach a desired end result • on time • within budget • according to specification. IS for Management

  18. International IS International Arenas • Cultural specific consumer needs • Dynamic economies, statutes, business practices • Pace of change leads to a moving target market • Differences in technology available IS for Management

  19. IS Strategy • Achieving effective regionalisation to meet market demographics requires an effective IS infrastructure • IT professionals are business model enablers • Know your mission statement IS for Management

  20. Literacy • Computer Literacy A knowledge of computer systems and equipment and the ways they function. • Information Systems Literacy A knowledge of how data and information are used by individuals, groups, and organizations. IS for Management

  21. Management’s IT challenge • Strategic IT • How can IT be used to design a competitive and effective organization? • Investing in IT • How do you determine value of IT for the organization? • IT architecture • How can the organization design IT that fits? • Global IT • How can IT help guide an organization globally? • Ethics of IT • How can we ensure an organization will use IT in a socially responsible manner? IS for Management

  22. Chapter One Cases for Discussion • Sales force automation (page 37) • Project issues • Liz Claiborne (page 38) • Challenges in strategic use and investment in IT IS for Management

  23. Next class • Assignment #1: Part 1 • Tutorial: Internet searching IS for Management

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