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Anatomy & Physiology Review

Anatomy & Physiology Review. By: Katie, Connie, Mike and Ben. Movement Across Membranes. Osmosis. Facilitated Diffusion. Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of solute concentration to an area of solute concentration. Answer: Low to High.

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Anatomy & Physiology Review

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  1. Anatomy & Physiology Review By: Katie, Connie, Mike and Ben

  2. Movement Across Membranes Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion • Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of solute concentration to an area of solute concentration. Answer: Low to High • Movement of a substance across a cell membrane from an area of concentration to an area of concentration. Answer: High to Low

  3. Name the 5 things rate of diffusion is influenced by Concentration Gradient Cross (sectional area where diffusion occurs) Temperature Molecular weight of a substance Distance through which diffusion occurs

  4. The net movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration is best described by which of the following? Diffusion Active transport Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion Exocytosis Answer: A

  5. Which of the following statements is correct regarding diffusion? A) The lower the diffusion, the higher the temperature. B) The greater the concentration gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion. C) The lower the concentration gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion. D) The lower the temperature, the faster the diffusion rate. Answer: B. The greater the concentration gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion.

  6. The process of ___ was demonstrated using a suspension of small particles. Individual particles appear to vibrate due to collisions with moving molecules. Osmosis Brownian Movement Diffusion Lysis Answer: B

  7. Identify the Types of Diffusion. • Simple • Facilitated

  8. Sodium ions are "pumped" from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration in the nerve cells of humans. This process is an example of… a. Diffusion b. Passive transport c. Osmosis d. Active transport Diffusion, passive transport and osmosis are examples of movement that does not require cellular energy. Since sodium ions are pumped against the concentration gradient, it requires work and is called active transport.

  9. What is simple diffusion? A. Movement of a substance across a cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration with the help of a carrier. B. Diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration C. Net movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

  10. Matching! • Isotonic • Hypotonic • Hypertonic • Solutions having greater solute concentration than that of the cytosol • Solutions having lesser solute concentration than that of the cytosol • Solutions with the same solute concentration as that of the cytosol • solutions with the same solute concentration as that of the cytosol

  11. Basic Terms - is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another -Is the study of the function of the body’s structural machinery. Answers: 1. Anatomy 2. Physiology

  12. True or False Lateral is away from the head or toward the lower part of the body. Answer: False, Lateral is away from the midline of the body. The elbow is distal to the wrist. Answer: False, The wrist is proximal to the elbow. The knee is superior to the pelvis. Answer: False, The knee is inferior the pelvis.

  13. Name the 4 Quadrants Right Upper Quadrant Left Upper Quadrant Right Lower Quadrant Left Lower Quadrant

  14. Name the 9 Abdominal Regions Epigastric Left Hypochondriac Right Hypochondriac Umbilical Left Lumbar Right Lumbar Right Iliac Hypo-gastric Left Iliac

  15. What Quadrant is the gallbladder located? Answer: Right Upper Quadrant

  16. Which of the following best describes anatomical position? A. Body facing forward, toes pointing forward, palms facing backward B. Body, toes, and palms facing backward C. Body facing forward, arms at the sides, palms facing forward D. Body facing backward and palms facing outward Answer: C

  17. Name the 5 cavities of the head. • Nasal • Oral • Orbital • Middle Ear • Synovial

  18. Body Cavities… Dorsal Cavity has 2 subdivisions, they are… Vertbral Cranial What are the subdivisions of the Ventral Cavity? Thoracic: Superior Mediastinum Pleural Paricardial Abdominal Pelvic

  19. Name the organs in each cavity. • Cranial • Dorsal • Vertebral • Thoracic • Diaphragm • Abdominal • Pelvic

  20. Measurement 1 kilometer (km) is equal to 0.000001 meters 1 millimeter ( mm) is equal to 0.001 meters 1 centimeter (cm) is equal to 1000 meters 1 micrometer( um) is equal to .01 meters

  21. Measurement Two kilograms is _______ grams. Answer: 2,000 grams. Three decagrams is _______ grams. Answer : 30 grams. A milligram is ______ gram. Answer: 1/1000 of a gram.

  22. Measurement • How many centimeters in 53 inches? Answer: 134.62 cm ( 2.54 x 53 = 134.62 ) 21. Convert 185 lbs to kilograms Answer: 84.09 kilograms ( 185/2.2 = 84.09 )

  23. Matching • Frontal (Cornal) • Median (Sagittal) • Transverse (Horizontal) • Parasagittal • Divides body into left and right (equal parts). • Separates into superior and inferior parts (doesn’t have to be equal). • Separates body into unequal left and right parts. • Separates body into anterior and posterior.

  24. Name the Plane Midsaggital

  25. Name the Plane. Transverse!

  26. Name the Plane. Midsagittal!

  27. Name the Plane. Anterior!

  28. 25. What is the difference between parietal and visceral serosa? The Parietal Serosa is the part of the membrane lining the cavity wall. The Visceral Serosa lines the organs inside the cavity.

  29. The serous membrane lining the surface of the lung is the: Parietal pleura Visceral peritoneum Visceral pleura Peritoneal pleura Answer: C

  30. Name ALL the organs in the mediastinum. • Esophagus • Trachea • Heart • Thymus • Aorta • Pulmonary artery • Lymph nodes

  31. What is the other name for the serosa? Mesothelium

  32. Which of the following suffixes implies "growth" or "formation": Blastocyst. -blast -cyte - stasis None of the above Answer: A

  33. What are the four types of tissue?

  34. When a blood vessel is severed, the damaged epithelial tissue that lines the vessel would be Mesothelium B. simple columnar C. Endothelium D. simple cuboidal Answer: C. Endothelium!!!! 

  35. What are the 7 functions of epithelial tissue? Reproduction (production of sperm from the gonads.) Sensory reception (smell and taste.) Transport (mucus in the trachea by cilia.) Exchange/filtration ( oxygen and carbon dioxide through the capillary walls.) Absorption (of water and ions.) Secretion (hormones, sweat, mucus.) Protection ( saliva, bacteria in intestines.)

  36. Epithelia that consist of more than one layer of cells is termed Striated Stratified Stipulated Intercalated Answer: B

  37. What type of tissue is this? • Simple Squamous Epithelium Tissue

  38. Stratified epithelium is usually found in areas of the body where the principal activity is Where is this located? Esophagus. A. filtration B. protection C. absorption D. Diffusion Answer: B. Protection (Like the skin!!!)

  39. Name this tissue. Stratified Columnar Epithelium Tissue

  40. Epithelial tissues perform all of the following functions except produce glands that secrete materials protect from dehydration or mechanical damage provide a selectively permeable barrier provide a structural framework for other tissues Provides sensory surface Answer: B Epithelial tissue provides a structural framework for other tissues .... for this is the work of the basement membrane.

  41. Name this Tissue. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

  42. Name this Tissue. Ciliated PsuedostratifiedCulumnar Epithelium

  43. Name the location of these macrophages. Found in the liver Found in the respiratory tract. Found in the nervous system Found in connective tissue Found in the skin Dust cell- B. Kupffer cells- C. Histiocyte- D. Langerhans cell- E. Microglia-

  44. Name this Tissue and what you see. Loose (Areolar) Connective Tissue Elastic Fibers Collagen Fibers Fibroblast

  45. What type of Tissue is this? • Dense Regular Connective Tissue

  46. What type of Tissue is this? Adipose

  47. Read the following statements carefully. Which of the following is/are INCORRECT statements: Cartilage heals slower than skin because cartilage is a deeper tissue. The inside lining of the intestine has a large surface area because of the presence of cilia. Adipose is a type of connective tissue because that is where fat is stored. Only 1 and 2 Only 2 and 3 1,2,3 Only 1, 3 Answer: B

  48. What cell is this?

  49. Name the cells.

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