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Understanding Genetic Mechanisms of Evolution: From Alleles to Speciation

This presentation explores the intricate genetic mechanisms that drive evolution at the population level. We delve into gene flow, migration, genetic drift, and the founder and bottleneck effects, illustrating how these processes influence allele movement and genetic variation. We'll examine how time and natural selection contribute to speciation, leading to the emergence of new "kinds" through reproductive isolation. By understanding these concepts, we can appreciate the dynamic nature of evolution and its impact on biodiversity.

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Understanding Genetic Mechanisms of Evolution: From Alleles to Speciation

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  1. Genes, Chromosomes, etc. The tiny mechanisms of evolution

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  3. Evolution at the Population Level

  4. Gene Flow • The Movement of Alleles • The Movement of AllelesMigration and Inter-breeding

  5. Genetic Drift • Random change in gene pool, • particularly powerful in small populations

  6. Genetic Drift

  7. Genetic Drift and Population Size

  8. Founder Effect • Small number of individuals from population migrate and form new population • May not carry all alleles in parent population • May carry alleles in different frequencies from parent population

  9. Bottleneck Effect • Catastrophic events (floods, diseases) leave a few survivors • Survivors may not carry all alleles in parent population • May carry alleles in different frequencies from parent population

  10. The Bottleneck Effect

  11. Forces of Evolution and Genetic Variation

  12. Speciation and Forces of Evolution • Time • Mutation and natural selection produce change over time • Enough time (and change) leads to appearance of new “kind” • Reproductive isolation • No gene flow to reduce differences between populations • Mutations, genetic drift, and natural selection increase differences

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