Types of references

1. Types of references Haneenbadrieh 220104229

2. 1- extension & intension : in semantics, correlative words that indicate the reference of a term or concept. “intension” indicates the internal content of a term or concept that constitutes its formal definition. “extension” indicates its range of applicability by naming the particular objects that it denotes

3. intension of “ship” as a substantive is “vehicle for conveyance on water”

4. extension

5. 2- Prototype: an object or referent which is typical of the whole sentence. Once the meaning differs according to it’s content, it’s a prototype.

6. In Palestine, it’s a source of meat and milk In India, it’s consider as a god

7. 3- concrete vs. abstract Concrete : objects which can be touched. Dog , door, leaf, stone Abstract: invisible objects. Knowledg , reason , problem.

8. The concrete objects can be abstract Key

9. Bright Literal Figurative

10. 4- unique and non-unique : Unique: when the referring expression has fixed reference. Lack Ontario , the dead see Non-Unique: when the referring expression has verbal reference. He swam in a lack.

11. 5- countable and non countable : both of them might be concrete or abstract *Concrete-countable expressions: items the are separated from one another. E.g. apple , pens. *abstract - countable expressions : ideas , problems, suggestions . *Concrete-non countable expressions: three references

12. 1- substances: ink, toothpaste. 2- numerous particles: sand , rice. Collective: furniture, jewelry, luggage. *abstract -non countable expressions : advice, information, beauty .

13. 6-Generic and non generic: A dog makes a fine pet. Dogs make fine pet. A dog is laying in the street. Dogs are laying in the street.

14. 7- specific and non specific. We have a dog. We would like to have a dog.