SUO Planning & Decision Aids

1. SUO Planning & Decision Aids Austin Tate, AIAI, University of Edinburgh David Wilkins, SRI International • Capability to communicate, refine, execute and repair plans across multiple echelons from company level down to platoon and squad level. • Two examples of COA plan generation and use: • one offensive (MOUT); • one defensive (protect pass in mixed terrain).

2. ARPI DARPA ARPI/PDA Goal, Themes & Participants GOAL:Develop, demonstrate, and transition advanced knowledge-based technology for automatic and interactive planning, scheduling, and decision making to allow better, faster planning in complex, stressed situations Modeling Simulation & Evaluation Workflow Management & Process Control Integrated Planning & Scheduling Planning Under Uncertainty KB Planning Systems Representation & Intelligent KB Case-Based Planning ISTI Brown University ISX CMU USC/ISI U. Edinburgh U. Mass Kestrel CMU U. Edinburgh GE CRD Rockwell Int’l SRI Arizona St. University Northwestern University MITRE MCC U Washington U. Rochester Loral U. Maryland UCLA U Wisconsin Honeywell U Oregon Klein BBN

3. Long-term Contributions of PDA to the Soldier • Shared plan representations cognizant of military principles, doctrine, SOPs and TTPs. Makes possible: • Doctrinally correct plan usable by everyone. • Fast generation of multiple distinct COAs, including ones the commander may not have considered. • Support commander creativity through human guidance. • Uniformly high plan quality, even during high-stress crises. • Continuous analysis of the plan using multiple metrics. • Monitor plan execution and respond quickly to events, helping the commander modify the plan appropriately. • Provide relevant information to other echelons, allowing fast communication while preserving bandwidth.

4. Key Issues for SUO • Plans are: • doctrinally correct • uniform high quality The underlying plan representations must be done correctly to support the desired command and control loop Planner PLAN: Action Structure Beliefs, Resources, Constraints Operators Goals Advice Actions Plan Manager working with the Commander Soldiers and sensors in the field (apply SOPs) Rapidly respond to events, changing actions and reallocating resources, comms. to other echelons if necessary

5. Technical Contributions by SRI/AIAI to SUO • Contribution to the representation of shared objectives, plans, processes, SOPs and TTPs in SUO. • Generation of multiple qualitatively distinct alternative COAs dependent upon alternative assumptions and advice about the situation. • Support for mixed-initiative incremental plan development, manipulation and use. • Plan repair as situation changes. • Systems integration framework for modular planning and plan analysis systems. • Management of planning and execution process - promotion of intelligent process management and workflow concepts.

6. SUO/PDA Input to SUO/SAS Program • Aim is to communicate and transfer some of the relevant results of the ARPI/PDA work to SUO. • To do this by joining in the SUO. Community and understanding its requirements. • To demonstrate some appropriate and relevant Advanced Planning & Decision Aids Technology. • To be helpful to the contracting teams. • AIAI/SRI want to act as a conduit to the work of others where they can see its potential relevance.

7. SUO/PDA Preliminary Workplan Dec98--->Mar99 Apr99----------->Jun99 Jul99------------->Dec99 Jan00--->Mar00 Phase 1: Familiarization & Domain Modeling Phase 2: Demo Storyboard, Concept Proofs & Further Domain Modeling Phase 3: System Adaptation & Demo Production Phase 4: Transfer Of Results

8. More Detailed Slides May not be necessary for 9-Feb-99 Briefing

9. SUO Planning & Decision Aids Use results of DARPA/AFRL Planning Initiative (ARPI) and Planning & Decision Aids (PDA) work Multi-Agent Planning Architecture (MPA) and O-Plan Systems Integration Architecture SIPE-2 and O-Plan Generative Planners Mixed Initiative Planning Aids Planning Domain Knowledge Acquisition Tools/Editors Plan Repair Algorithms Planning Process Panels Rich Shared Plan Representations SUO/PDA Objective Capability to communicate, refine, execute and repair plans across multiple echelons from company level down to platoon and squad level. Two examples of COA plan generation and use: - one offensive (MOUT); - one defensive (protect pass in mixed terrain). Schedule Advanced Planning Technology • 1QCY99 - Domain familiarization. Domain modeling. Create initial • plan and activity templates for offensive and defensive scenarios. • 2QCY99 - SUO Scenario and storyboard/demo script • development. Walk through of technology requirements, • mockup of non-working parts. Produce demo script and • scenarios. • 3QCY99 - Technology and demonstration development first pass, • mock demonstration. • 4QCY99 - Full demonstration development. • 1QCY00 - Transition and communication of results to SUO • contractor. Refinement of demonstration and technology. • Integration of further modules to support more effective • demonstrations.

10. Example of SRI ARPI/PDA WorkGiving Advice to a Planner • Heuristic search algorithm • plans quickly • maintains all constraints Integrating human judgement fixes many shortcomings of automated planning technology Actions One Might Take Commander’s Guidance State of the World SIPE-2 Planner Objectives Advice PLAN: Action Structure Beliefs, Resources, Constraints Operators Actions Goals SIPE-2 Execution Monitor and Replanner • Advice: • qualitatively different COAs • “directed” search of options

11. CONCEPT NEW IDEAS • Using domain constraints to support the coordinated development of plans. • Communication between users acting as Task Assigner and Planner. • Intelligent workflow model of planning based on “issue” handling (agenda/to-do list). • Simplified planner interfaces to allow ”plug and plan” component integration. • Uniform manipulation of plans as a set of constraints (<I-N-OVA> model). COA-1 COA-2 Planning Workflow World View Option: COA-2 Criteria 1 Phase: Deployment Criteria 2 ... Criteria 3 ... Order Issued: .. Plan View Option COA-2 Authority: ... Task Direction & Plan Analysis Plan Development & Refinement Task Assigner Planner IMPACT MILESTONES (1996-98) • MIP Demonstration in Pacifica NEO • Initial Evaluation Matrix • Demonstration scenario development Q4/Y1 • Generation of multiple qualitatively distinct alternative COAs dependent upon alternative assumptions concerning the emerging crisis. • Support for mixed-initiative incremental plan development, manipulation and use. • Promotion of intelligent process management and workflow concepts. • Integration framework for large-scale modular planning systems. • Contribution to shared plan representations. • Workflow Planning Aid Experiments • TIE with Rochester on Tasking • Release of O-Plan Version 3.1 • Evaluation Experiments Interim Report Q4/Y2 • Mixed Initiative Planning Demo. • TIE with USC/ISI on plan evaluation • Release of O-Plan Version 3.2 • Final Evaluation Report Q4/Y3 Example of AIAI ARPI/PDA WorkEdinburgh O-Plan Project

12. Domain Model Activity Templates & Constraints SUO/PDA Preliminary Systems SketchKnowledge Acquisition Stage Modeler or Knowledge Engineer Army CALL Bulletins Doctrine, SOP, TTP Process Modeling Methods & Tools Subject Matter Experts

13. Domain Model Activity Templates & Constraints SUO/PDA Preliminary Systems SketchPlanning & Decision Aids Use Stage OPORD FRAGO Reports Other Modules Echelon N Planning & Execution System Echelon N Planning-related Support Modules Company Level OPORD FRAGO Reports Other Modules Echelon N+1 Planning & Execution System Echelon N+1 Planning-related Support Modules Platoon/Squad Level OPORD FRAGO Reports

14. Domain Model Activity Templates & Constraints SUO/PDA Preliminary System SketchInstantiation of Components E.g., ModSAF, Blue/Red Force Laydown E.g., MPA, SIPE-2, O-Plan, ACP3 Other Modules Echelon N Planning & Execution System Echelon N Planning-related Support Modules Other Modules Echelon N+1 Planning & Execution System Echelon N+1 Planning-related Support Modules E.g., Act Editor, CPF E.g., Web O-Plan, O-P3 E.g., Plan Sketch Tool