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THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. The Cardiovascular System. The heart and blood vessels (veins and arteries) The heart pumps blood Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body

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THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

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  1. THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

  2. The Cardiovascular System • The heart and blood vessels (veins and arteries) • The heart pumps blood • Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body • The function of the cardiovascular system is to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove carbon dioxide and other waste products

  3. Blood Vessels: The Vascular System • Taking blood to the tissues and back • Arteries • Capillaries • Veins Figure 11.8a

  4. Capillary Beds • This is where the exchange of oxygen and CO2 occurs with cells • These blood vessels are extremely small

  5. Direct Diffusion Through Capillaries

  6. Components of the blood • Red blood cells • White blood cells • Platelet proteins • Plasma

  7. Red blood cells: - Carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.

  8. White blood cells: Help fight infections and aid in the immune response process.

  9. Platelets • Help in blood clotting

  10. Plasma • Yellow liquid component in which cells are suspended

  11. Major Arteries You Need to Know! • Carotid • Subclavian • Aorta (ascending aorta) • Thoracic • Renal • femoral

  12. Major Arteries of Systemic Circulation Carotid Subclavian Aorta Thoracic Renal Femoral Figure 11.11

  13. Major Veins You Need to Know! • Jugular • Superior vena cava and Inferior vena cava • Brachiocephalic • Femoral • Axillary

  14. Major Veins of Systemic Circulation Brachiocephalic Jugular Superior vena cava Axillary Inferior vena cava Femoral Figure 11.12

  15. The Heart • Location • Between the lungs • Pointed apex directed toward left hip • About the size of your fist

  16. The Heart Figure 11.1

  17. External Heart Anatomy Figure 11.2a

  18. Heart Anatomy • What you need to be able to locate: • Right and left pulmonary arteries • Right and left pulmonary veins • Aorta • Superior and inferior vena cava • Right and left atrium • Right and left ventricle • Bicuspid and tricuspid valves • Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves • Its 11 structures, so learn 4 each night!!!

  19. The Heart: Chambers • Right and left side act as separate pumps • Four chambers • Atria • Receiving chambers • Right atrium • Left atrium • Ventricles • Pumping chambers • Right ventricle • Left ventricle Figure 11.2c

  20. The Heart: Associated Great Vessels • Aorta • Leaves left ventricle • Pulmonary arteries • Leave right ventricle • Vena cava • Enters right atrium • Pulmonary veins (four) • Enter left atrium

  21. The Heart: Valves • Atrioventricular valves – between atria and ventricles • Bicuspid valve (left) • Tricuspid valve (right)

  22. The Heart: Valves • Allow blood to flow in only one direction • Four valves • Atrioventricular valves – between atria and ventricles • Bicuspid valve (left) • Tricuspid valve (right) • Semilunar valves between ventricle and artery • Pulmonary semilunar valve • Aortic semilunar valve

  23. The Heart: Valves • Semilunar valves between ventricle and artery • Pulmonary semilunar valve • Aortic semilunar valve

  24. The Heart: Valves • Valves open as blood is pumped through • Close to prevent backflow • Heart murmur is a semi-faulty valve

  25. Blood Circulation Figure 11.3

  26. Blood Circulation • Where does the heart send/receive blood? • Pulmonary Circuit • Blood goes from right side of the heart to lungs to left side of heart • 1. Oxygen poor blood enters right atrium • 2. Oxygen poor blood pumped out of right ventricle • 3. Pulmonary arteries carry O2 poor blood to lungs • 4. Blood gets its O2 and then is carried back to left atrium by pulmonary veins

  27. Blood Circulation

  28. Blood Circulation • Systemic Circuit • Blood goes from left side of heart to rest of body to right side of heart • 1. O2 rich blood pumped out of left ventricle • 2. Aorta/other arteries take O2 rich blood to body • 3. Blood gives oxygen to body tissues • 4. O2 poor blood brought back to right atrium by vena cava/other veins

  29. Operation of Heart Valves ***You don’t need to memorize this page, just know basically how a valve works within the heart Figure 11.4

  30. Filling of Heart Chambers – the Cardiac Cycle Figure 11.6

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