EN suring RA diation S afety

2. ENsuringRAdiationSafety for First ResponderTeams in CaseofNuclearorRadiologicalAccident NERIS Workshop 2019

3. Outline JustifyingtheneedfortheprojectFormal frameworkGoalsObjectivesMethodsImpactAftertheproject NERIS Workshop 2019

4. Justifyingtheneedfortheproject Major RADIOLOGICAL disaster - GOIANIA Major NUCLEAR disaster - CHERNOBYL NERIS Workshop 2019

5. Justifyingtheneedfortheproject Major RADIOLOGICAL disaster - GOIANIA Short summary 13 Sept.two men tried to disassembleabandonedteletherapyunitcontaining Cs-137 18 Sept. partsofdisassembledunitwere sold to scrapeyardtogetherwith a damagedcapsule 21 Sept. a friendofscrapeyardownerremoved some Cs-137 fromthecapsuleanddistributedfragments to severalpeopledue to attractiveblueglowemittedfromthefragments 25 Sept. leadandrestofthesourcewere sold to Junkyard II. 28. Sept. Remnantsoftherotatingassemblyandthesourceassemblyweretaken to theVigilanciaSanitaria (Health Monitoring Agency) 29. Sept.Due to symptomsrevealedbypeople, whowere in contact, a medicalphysicistwasasked to perform some measurementsofthesuspeciouspackage at VigilanciaSanitaria. NERIS Workshop 2019

6. Justifyingtheneedfortheproject Major RADIOLOGICAL disaster - GOIANIA VigilanciaSanitaria REPRESENTATIVE MedicalPhysicist FIRE BRIGADE NERIS Workshop 2019

7. Justifyingtheneedfortheproject Major NUCLEAR disaster - CHERNOBYL Firefighters Theyhad no instruments to measurethedoserate Theywerekickingawaypiecesofgraphiteandradioactivefuelinsteadofavoidingthem as much as possible Theyremovedtheirprotectionclothesinsteadofputting on additionalprotection WHAT WAS THE PROBLEM? No one haseverexplained to them how to dealwithradiationRegardingfirefigters Theyhadlittleor no understanding how thefiretheywerefightingwasdifferentfromregularfires Firefighters= = > FIRST RESPONDERS & FIRST VICTIMS NERIS Workshop 2019

8. MONUMENT TO THE LIQUIDATORS AND FIREFIGHTERS

9. INTERREG V-A Slovenia-Croatia CROSS-BORDER REGION NERIS Workshop 2019

10. ENRAS - GOALS To design and implement a new system of training for First ResponderTeams(firefighters) for safe intervention in accidents involving the risk of radioactive radiation(OCT 2018 – SEP 2020) To sign an agreement on the establishment of a new cross-border structure that will promote and coordinate cross-border cooperation in the field of safety in accidents involving radioactive radiation (OCT 2020 - ) To developguidelines for the permanent maintenance of the skills of the intervention workers To preparerecommendations for equipping intervention units. NERIS Workshop 2019

11. Select 60 First Responderteamshaving licence fordealingwithhazardous material Teachmembersofeachteam thenecessarybasicsregardingionizingradiation Trainmembersoffirstresponderteams to routinelyusehandheldsurveymeters in order to be able to detectionizingradiationand assesstheseverityoftherisk Qualifythem to behaveproperlywithrespect to (in caseofradiologicalornuclearaccident) self-protectionand protectionofthepopulation Trainandassesstheirskills in exsercisesrepresentingcomperhensivescenariosinvolvingionizingradiation Gatherexperiencesgainedduringeduction to furtherimprovetrainingprogramme determinethefrequencyof post projecttraining ENRAS - OBJECTIVES NERIS Workshop 2019

12. THEORETICAL Basicsofionisingradiation Detectionofionizingradiation Operationalquantities (doserate, dose, contamination) Protectionmeasures OperationalInterventionLevels Typicalsituationswherefirefightersmightexpectradioactivesources PRACTICAL Demonstrationofthestateoftheartequipment Trainingusingtheequipmentposessedby First ResponderTeams understandingthereadingoftheinstruments beingable to assestheseverityofthesituation selctingproperresponsetactics INDIVIDUAL UNITS` EDUCATION NERIS Workshop 2019

13. FIRST RESPONDERS EQUIPMENT RadiationDetector Module Gammaand X-rayradiation Doserate 0.04 μSv/h to 100 mSv/h Energyrange 50 keV to 1.3 MeV Responsetime 2,5 seconds (fast mode) 3 min (ambient doserate) Detection DetectorgammaCsI(Tl) 400 cps per μSv/h for 137Cs DetectorneutronLiI(Eu) (GN versiononly) Gammadoseratedisplay 0.01 μSv/h to 100 μSv/h PDS 100 GN/ID SpectrometryandIdentification 512 / 1024 channelsspectra 30keV to 1.7 MeV ChemPro 100i

14. FIRST RESPONDERS EQUIPMENT NOT ONLY TRAIN firefightersusingtheirequipment BUT ALSO Try to ESTABLISH whethertheequipment is suitableforfirefighters` interventions waterproof easy to stick acousticalarms in order not to lookat thescreenallthe time AND IF NEEDED To RECOMMEND ALTERNATIVE equipment NERIS Workshop 2019

15. JOINT EXERCISES JOINT EXERISES GOAL => CHECK the acquired knowledgeand PROVIDE FURTHER TRAINING SELECTION OF UNITS => Units that havecompletedindividual training / do not weakenregionalresponsecapability NUMBER OF ATTENDEES => 6 – 8 units (half fromSlovenia and half from Croatia)with 30 men altogetherwill be involved. REQUIREMENTS => Alltherules of firefighter`tactics have to be respected Knowledegeandproperhandling due to the danger of radioactive radiationhas to be demonstrated METHOD => comprehensive fire fighting interventions SCENARIOS Accident of a vehicle for radioactive cargo Mediation for spillage of radioactive material Fire during industrial radiography ADDITIONALY ELME expertswillalways be present to evaluateradiological part Firefighters` Instructorswillevaluatefirfighterstactics NERIS Workshop 2019

16. FINAL JOINT EXERCISE JOINT EXERISES GOAL => DEMONSTRATEthe acquired knowledge SELECTION OF ATTENDEES => 1-2 representativesof EACH UNIT – approximately 120 menwill be involved. REQUIREMENTS => Alltherules of firefighter`tactics have to be respected Knowledegeandproperhandling due to the danger of radioactive radiationhas to be demonstrated METHOD => comprehensive fire fighting interventions SCENARIO Accident of a vehicle for radioactive cargo Mediation for spillage of radioactive material Fire during industrial radiography ADDITIONALLY PUBLIC EVENT MEDIA COMMENTATOR YOU ARE INVITED !

17. Training program forfirstrespondersdevelopedand put intopractice 60 + interventionunits in crossborderregionqualifiedforinterventionsinvolvingradiation 700 + individualfirefightersinvolved in training program 9 jointexercises in crossborderregionsperformedinvolvingfirstrespondersfrombothcountries IMPACT NERIS Workshop 2019

18. SUSTAINABLE CROSS-BORDER STRUCTURE = FORMAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE PARTNERS OF THE PROJECT TO PROMOTE CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF RADIATION SAFETY TO MAINTAIN AND FURTHER DEVELOP THE COMPETENCE OF FIRST RESPONDER TEAMS, ACHIEVED DURING THE PROJECT TO PROMOTE PERIODIC ACTIVITIES TO MAINTAIN WEB-BASED KNOWLEDGE DATA BASE FOR FIRST RESPONDERS TO IMPROVE GUIDELINES AND PROTOCOLS (FOR TRAINING AND EQUIPPING INTERVENTION UNITS) TO HARMONIZE AND FURTHER DEVELOP INTERVENTION PROCEDURES IN CROSS-BORDER REGION TO TRANSFER THE RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF FIRST RESPONDERS BASED ON EXISTING PROJECT INTO THE REGULATORY LEGISLATION LONG-TERM IMPACT NERIS Workshop 2019

19. BONUS IMPACT OF ENRAS BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN INSTITUTIONSAND SOCIETY PROFESSIONALS AND COMMUNITY VALUABLE EXPERIENCES, GAINED DURING THE PROJECT MAY BE TEMPLATE FOR SIMILAR STRUCTURES IN CROSS BORDER REGIONS. NERIS Workshop 2019

20. Partners Institute Jožef Stefan (SLO) Institute forMedicalResearch(CRO) SlovenianFirefightersAssociation(SLO) CroatianFirefightersAssociation(CRO) AdministrationoftheRepublicofSloveniaforcivil protectionanddisaster (SLO) SlovenianNuclearSafetyAdministration (SLO) State Office for Radiological and Nuclear Safetyin Croatia (CRO) THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! NERIS Workshop 2019