Alcohol

1. Alcohol Mrs. McWilliams 7th and 8th Grade Health

2. What is Alcohol? • Depressant • Contains an intoxicating substance called ethyl alcohol or ethanol • Produced by the fermentation process • The anaerobic (no oxygen) conversion of sugar to carbon dioxide and alcohol by yeast.

3. The concentration of alcohol in a beverage is the proof value • Proof value = 2X percentage alcohol. • Example: 100 proof (whiskey) contains 50% alcohol

4. ONE DRINK = 0.6 oz alcohol • 12 oz beer • 5 oz wine • Mixed drink with 1.5 oz of 80 proof liquor (40% alcohol) • Current recommendations are: • 1 drink/day for women • 2 drinks/day for men

5. Alcohol Use Patterns in the USA • 1/3 are abstainers • 2/3 are drinkers • 1/3 are light drinkers • 1/3 are moderate/heavy drinkers • 10% of the drinking population is considered heavy drinkers- they are responsible for 50% of all alcohol consumption in the US! • Annual Sales of alcohol average out to roughly 2.3 gallons of absolute alcohol per person!

6. Absorption and Metabolism • 20% rapidly absorbed into bloodstream • 75 % through upper part of the small intestine and the rest enters further along in the intestinal tract. • Metabolism of alcohol is in the liver. • 2-10% is not metabolized but is excreted through the sweat glands, lungs and kidneys.

7. Factors that Affect Alcohol Absorption • Strength of the beverage • Number of drinks consumed • Speed of consumption • Presence of food in stomach • Physical tolerance

8. Blood Alcohol Concentration • Percentage of alcohol in a measured amount of blood • Measured from exhaled breath or blood sample

11. Possible consequences of frequent alcohol use

12. Drinking and Driving • Drinking alcohol impairs vision, reaction time, and coordination. • DWI and DUI –leading cause of death among teens • Signs of intoxication can begin to appear as low as 0.02 • There is no acceptable BAC level for anyone under 21

15. Normal healthy liver Liver with cirrhosis

16. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome • Fetus is exposed to alcohol in a slower manner than an adult • Damage results in mental retardation • Other characteristics are low birth weight, facial abnormalities, widely spaced eyes, and a much smaller head • Full expression rate: 1-3 out of 1000 births • Partial expression rate: 3-9/100 births

17. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Characteristics

19. Alcoholism- different patterns • Regular daily intake of large amounts • Regular heavy drinking limited to weekends • Long periods of sobriety interspersed with periods of binge drinking lasting weeks or months • Heavy drinking limited to periods of stress

20. Who Wants to be a Millionaire? Alcohol Edition

21. $100 Question A major factor in traffic accidents, homicides, and suicides for 16 to 24 year olds is a. alcohol use b. smoking cigarettes c. affiliation with gangs d. psychological disorders

22. $100 Answer a. Alcohol Use

23. $200 Question Teens often choose to drink because they think it • Increases their self confidence • sharpens perceptions • enhances memory • improves judgment

24. $200 Answer a. Increases their self confidence

25. $300 Question When a person stumbles and has difficulty walking after consuming alcohol, he or she • has withdrawal symptoms • is intoxicated • has alcohol poisoning • has a nervous system disorder

26. $300 Answer b. Is intoxicated

27. $500 Question True/ False Food in the stomach allows a person to drink heavily without becoming intoxicated.

28. $500 Answer False

29. $1,000 Question A physical and psychological dependence on the drug ethanol is • Addiction • Alcohol Poisoning • Intoxication • Alcoholism

30. $1,000 Question d. Alcoholism

31. $2,000 Question True/ False The liver is responsible for breaking down alcohol.

32. $2,000 Answer True

33. $4,000 question A condition is which the liver tissue is destroyed and replaced with useless scar tissue is • Fatty liver • Arteriosclerosis • Cirrhosis • Fermentation

34. $4,000 Answer c. Cirrhosis

35. $8,000 Question An inflammation or infection of the liver, sometimes caused by the toxic effects of alcohol is called • Fatty liver • Hepatitis • Cirrhosis • Fetal alcohol syndrome

36. $8,000 Answer b. Hepatitis

37. $16,000 Question True/False Some binge drinkers mistakenly believe that they are not really in trouble with alcohol because they do not drink every day.

38. $16,000 Answer True

39. $32,000 Question The chemical action of yeast on sugars is • Delirium tremens • Ethanol • Fermentation • Hydrolization

40. $32,000 Answer c. Fermentation

41. $64,000 Question True/ False Short term effects of alcohol use on the body can include cirrhosis and brain damage.

42. $64,000 Answer False

43. $125,000 Question True/False A serving of beer or wine contains less alcohol than a serving of whiskey.

44. $125,000 Answer False

45. $250,000 Question The first stage of alcoholism is characterized by • Malnutrition • Defensive behavior • Rationalization of drinking behavior • Reverse alcohol tolerance

46. $250,000 Answer c. Rationalization of drinking behavior

47. $500,000 Question In the United States, fetal alcohol syndrome is the leading cause of • Sudden infant death syndrome • Mental retardation • Alcoholic hepatitis • Stillbirth

48. $500,000 Answer b. Mental retardation

49. $1,000,000 Question True/ False The kidneys oxidize alcohol to form water, carbon dioxide, and energy.

50. $1,000,000 Answer False