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Chapter 7 - Ethnicity

Chapter 7 - Ethnicity. Jokes.

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Chapter 7 - Ethnicity

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  1. Chapter 7 - Ethnicity

  2. Jokes • These four guys were walking down the street, a Saudi, a Russian, a North Korean, and a New Yorker. A reporter comes running up and says, “Excuse me, what is your opinion about the meat shortage?” The Saudi says, “What’s a shortage?” The Russian says, “What’s meat?” The North Korean says, “What’s an opinion?” The New Yorker, says, “Excuse me?? What’s excuse me?”

  3. Two Arabs boarded a shuttle out of Washington for New York. One sat in the window seat, the other in the middle seat. Just before takeoff a fat, little Israeli guy got on and took the aisle seat next to the Arabs. He kicked off his shoes, wiggled his toes and was settling in when the Arab in the window seat said, “I think I ll go up and get a coke.” “No problem,” said the Israeli. “I ll get it for you.” While he was gone, the Arab picked up the Israeli’s shoe and spit in it. When the Israeli returned with the coke, the other Arab said, “That looks good. I think I ll have one too.” Again, the Israeli obligingly went to fetch it, and while he is gone the Arab other picked up the other shoe and spit in it. The Israeli returned with the coke, and they all sat back and enjoyed the short flight to New York. As the plane was landing the Israeli slipped his feet into his shoes and knew immediately what had happened. “How long must this go on?” he asked. “This enmity between our peoples….. this hatred… this animosity… this spitting in shoes and peeing in cokes?”

  4. An Irishman, a black guy, and a white guy were driving through the desert when they suddenly ran out of gas. They all decided to start walking to the nearest town (which they had passed 50 miles back) to get some help. A rancher was sitting on his front porch that evening when he saw the white guy top the horizon and walk toward him. The rancher noticed that the white guy was carrying a glass of water, so when he was within hearing distance, the rancher said, “Hi there…what are you doing carring a glass of water through the desert?” The white guy explained his predicament and explained that since he had a long way to go, he might get thirsty, so that’s why he was carrying the water. A little while later the rancher noticed the black guy walking toward him with a loaf of bread in his hand. “What are you doing?” asked the rancher again. As before, the black guy explained the’s ituation and said that since he had a long way to go, he might get hungry and that’s why he had the bread. Finally the Irishman appeared, dragging a car door through the sand. More curious than ever, the rancher asked, “Hey, why are you dragging that car door?” “Well,” he said, “I have a long way to go, so if it gets too hot, I ll roll down the window.”

  5. Jokes are just harmless fun right? • What’s the problems with ethnic jokes? • Where do they come from? • Why do we often find them funny? • Are we being “too sensitive”? • Are we not being upset ENOUGH by these jokes?

  6. What do you know? – Partner up & brainstorm • What racial issues are you aware of? • What ethnic issues are you aware of? • How have these turned out? • Where are they happening mostly?

  7. What is the difference? • Ethnicity: one’s identity based on cultural traits, such as language, religion, food, clothing, family structure, values, traditions. Share traditions of a homeland or hearth. • Race: one’s identity based on one’s physical characteristics. Genetic • Nationality: one’s identity based on the country that one is from.

  8. Race • Racism = belief that race is primary determinant of human traits. Belief that some races are superior. • One feature DOES matter in geography – color of skin. It is a fundamental basis in societies where people live, attend school, etc. • Through history, it has become LESS of an identifier.

  9. Indigenous & Mixed Races • Means “original” people who settled area. Problem is… how do you REALLY know? • Suspected N.Ams are really Asian race. • Mestizo – EUR & N.Am • Mulatto – EUR & African (negative meaning) • Creole – EUR & N.Am and African

  10. Friedrich Ratzel • Father of modern H.Geo. • Same time race developed, so did environmental determinism – remember? Culture/surroundings determined by phys. Env’t • He believed this, was later proved wrong. • 1800s though, used to prove racist ideologies like ppl from tropics are lazy (hot), people from cold are hard workers. • Obviously ppl from hot can move to cold & survive. • Led to Nazism

  11. Carl Sauer • Opposed this view w/possibilism! • Partially shaped by env’t & resources avail. • 1920s

  12. Internal/external Identity • Internal: How you express your identity to those who share your heritage/origin. • External: How express to those OUTSIDE your heritage. • Ex. 2 people from Africa vs. 2 people, 1 from Canada, 1 from Af.

  13. Ethnic Identity and Geography • Where we are from: One’s ethnic identity is always tied to a place of origin: our home, where our grandfather’s grave is, where we built our temple, where our history lies, where our national hero brought us during the time of the famine, where we fought and died.

  14. Ethnic Identity can be Fluid • Any cultural trait, no matter how superficial, can be a basis for ethnic identity. • A charismatic leader or outside influence can cause a group to see themselves as an ethnic group. • A person can discover their roots and become re-identified with ethnic heritage.

  15. Role of ethnic groups Keepers of distinctive cultural traditions Focal point of various kinds of social interaction Provide group identity, friendships, and marriage partners Also provides a recreational outlet, business success, and a political power base Can give rise to suspicion, friction, distrust, clannishness, and even violence

  16. How ethnic minorities can be changed by their host culture Acculturation — an ethnic group adopts enough of the host society’s ways to be able to function economically and socially Assimilation — a complete blending with the host culture Involves loss of all distinctive ethnic traits American host culture now includes many descendants of —Germans, Scots, Irish, French, Swedes, and Welsh Intermarriage is perhaps the most effective assimilatory device

  17. Problems encountered when defining ethnic group Membership in an ethnic group is involuntary He or she must be born into the group Often individuals choose to discard their ethnicity Politics can also help provide the basis for the we/they dichotomy that underlies ethnicity

  18. Problems encountered when defining ethnic group Main problem is different groups base their identities on different traits The Jews—primarily means religion The Amish—both folk culture and religion African-Americans—skin color Swiss-Americans—national origin German-Americans—ancestral language Cuban-Americans—mainly anti-Castro, and anti-Marxist sentiment

  19. How ethnic minorities can be changed by their host culture In reality few ethnic groups have been assimilated in the so-called “melting-pot” It was assumed all ethnic groups would eventually be assimilated The last 25 years has witnessed a resurgence of ethnic identity in the United States, Canada, Europe, and elsewhere Ethnicity easily made the transition from folk to popular culture Popular culture reveals a vivid ethnic component

  20. Ethnicity in the World Today • About 5,000 ethnic groups. • There are 190 countries in the world today.

  21. Key Issue 1: Where are Ethnicities Distributed? First up – U.S. • 2 biggest: • (Hispanic or Latino) – 14% of total pop. • African-American – 12% • 4% = Asian American and 1% American Indian • Hispanic means ppl of all Spanish-speaking countries. • Some f/Latin Am. Descent adopted term Latino or Latina. • What regions of U.S. do you PRIMARILY find these groups? • Website on Ethnicity in U.S.

  22. Break it down… • Most Hispanics identify with more specific ethnic group: • Chicanos/Chicanas (used to be offensive) • Cuban • Puerto Rican • Asian-Americans: • Indian • Filipino • Korean • Japanese, etc..

  23. African-Americans in the U.S. Fig. 7-1: The highest percentages of African Americans are in the rural South and in northern cities.

  24. Concentrations of Ethnicities • Clustering more pronounced in neighborhoods in cities. • Detroit’s Greektown and Poletown.

  25. Examples of ethnic enclaves in the United States North Boston - Voluntary Mounted statue of Paul Revere - Italian neighborhood Most businesses have Italian names Women lean out of upper-story windows conversing —Naples-style — to neighbors across the street Italian-dominated outdoor vegetable market Pilgrimage to the site where the American Revolution began has become a trip to Little Italy

  26. Involuntary: When a group is segregated by law and by force and not allowed to participate in the broader society: ghetto, reservation, homeland. Ethnic Enclaves

  27. Charlotte? • Greek festival • Anything else?? • Southern enclaves? “Northern” transplants. • Bars – picking college teams. • Epicenter – Strike City, Ohio State.  • Tavern on the Tracks – Michigan. 

  28. Urban ethnic neighborhoods and ghettos Benefits of the ethnic neighborhood Common use of language Nearby kin Stores and services specially tailored to a certain group’s tastes Presence of factories relying on ethnically based division of labor Institutions important to the group — churches and lodges The ghetto — traditionally been used to describe an area within the city where a certain ethnic group is forced to live

  29. Jewish Ghetto: Salzburg, Austria The name of this street is Judengasse – Jew Street. Here, as in many European cities, Jews were forced to live in a specific walled and gated area. The term ghetto derives from the Jewish quarter by the Ghetto Novo or New Foundry in Venice.

  30. Power of Place • Again – another one that’s not SUPER exciting.. But good info for AP FRQ questions! • #3 – “Strousburg”

  31. African-American Migration Patterns • 3 migration flows: • From Africa to the colonies (forced) 18th C. 1619 – 1st ships to Jamestown, VA., height = 1710-1810, 10MIL Africans displaced. What is a sharecropper? How did sharecropping affect migration? 400,000 in 18th C Triangular slave trade 1808 though illegal, still another 250,000 • From U.S. South to Northern cities, 1st ½ 20th C., Before/after WW I & II (1910-1950s) • Inner-city ghetto to urban neighborhoods, 2nd ½ 20th C.

  32. Triangular Slave Trade Fig. 7-7: The British triangular slave trading system operated among Britain, Africa, and the Caribbean and North America.

  33. Race in the U.S. • 2000 Census (still waiting on specifics for these in 2010): • 75% White • 12% Black • 4% Asian • 1% Am Indian or Alaska Native • 6% Other • Interesting: Hispanic or Latino is NOT considered a race by census.

  34. “Separate But Equal” – The U.S. • Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 est “Jim Crow” laws • Brown v. Board of Ed, Topeka, KS • “White Flight” – disinvestment, moving out to suburbs. • Riots in 1967 further intensified problem Blockbusting used

  35. South Africa • Apartheid – late 20th C. peaked. • Physical separation of different races into diff. geographic areas. • Blacks = 75%, whites 14%, Colored 8%, Asian 3%. • Laws said where you could live, work, attend school, etc. • 70’s/80’s – lots of countries cut them off. • Nelson Mandela • Still lots of issues though – VIDEO South Africa Revealed

  36. Key Issue 2 – Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed Into Nationalities? • Nationality – based on shared country. • U.S. = “American” nationality • Everyone who lives here = American. Every American belongs to a race (your color), but not everyone identifies with an ethnicity. • Self-determination: when ethnicities believe they have the right to govern themselves. • In U.S. nationality & ethnicity separate concepts

  37. Remember Quebec? • The Quebecois are totally different in language, relig & other aspects • Do they form a distinct ethnicity within the Canadian nationality OR a SECOND nationality SEPARATE from Anglo-Canadian? • This is the heart of their debate

  38. Book with confuse you.. • They say a “nation OR nationality” is… a group of ppl tied together. CONFUSING! USE these 2 separately: • Nationality: identity with a group of ppl who share legal attachment & personal allegiance to a particular country. • Nation: group of people tied together to a place thru legal STATUS (not citizenship… think “refugee” status) and/or cultural identity (religion, language, etc). • Kurds, Palestinians

  39. Now, get this clear… • DO NOT use the U.S., N. America or W. EUR for examples • These terms are used for specific situations, mostly in E. Europe & Africa because of turmoil. • Centripetal force: unites – think PHYSICS.. Pulls you IN. Centrifugal pushes you OUT. • Nationalism is an example of a centripetal force – unifies people. • Both terms used HEAVILY in AP Test! • What would some other centipetal and centrifugal forces be?

  40. Nation-States • State: Self-governing legal entity organized into a political unit, ruled by an est. gov’t w/control over its affairs. Pretty synonymous w/term “country” • Nation-state: territory corresponds to a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality. • When a nation of people have a State or country of their own, it is called a nation-state • Denmark: Danish ethnicity & border are pretty close.

  41. Nationalism • Nationalism = loyalty. • Mass media is ESSENTIAL! • Symbols = flags, songs (hello.. Why do people burn the American flag?) • What is the negative impact? • Nationalism = centripetal force – attitude that tends to unify ppl and enhance support for a state. • Terms RARELY used in N. America

  42. Multinational States • Multi-ethnic = more than 1 ethnicity (duh) • Multi-national states = 2 or more ethnic groups w/traditions of self-determination, exist peacefully by recognizing each other. Ex. = Belgium, U.K • Relationships vary – the main element of national identity in U.K? • Former Soviet Union – map! Want to make sure we’ve got these! • Be sure to read about these nation-states, good examples for nation-state questions on AP exam! • Largest Multinational State is???

  43. 15 Republics of former Soviet Union

  44. Remember those names from T.V? • Chechens – group of Sunni Muslims. Chechnya under Russia • VIDEO: Chechens War for Independence 1:32 • The Republic of Chechnya is located on the N slope of the Caucasus Mountains within 100 kilometers of the Caspian Sea. Vital to the Russian Federation for two reasons. First, access routes to both the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea Second, vital Russian oil and gas pipeline connections with Kazakstan and Azerbaijan also run through Chechnya. The declaration of full independence issued in 1993 by the Chechen government of Dzhokar Dudayev led to civil war in that republic, and several Russian-backed attempts to overthrow Dudayev failed in 1993 and 1994.

  45. Chechnya

  46. The 15 republics split… • Now have 3 BALTIC states – Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania 1918-1940 Independence. LITH is most closely the nation-state of the group!! Lithuanians = 83% of the pop. • European: Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, eh… not so much the nation-states • C. Asian: (THE STANS!) Kazak, Kyrgyz, Tajiki, Turkemini, Uzbeki • Caucasus: Azerbaijan, Armenia & Georgia • Then Russia which is huge

  47. Revival of Ethnic Identity • What did Karl Marx believe in regards to maintaining power? • Communist countries typically suppress culture.

  48. Key Issue 3: Why do Ethnicities Clash? • Ethiopia and Eritrea = land • Sudan – Darfur – VIDEO: Frontline (already watched?) = religious • Somalia = language & religious – VIDEO: Ambush in Mogadishu • Lebanon = religious • It’s pretty much the same kind of story…The key is they all are ex’s of competition to dominate the nationality. Struggle for power, avoid oppression.

  49. Dividing Among More than 1 State: • India – split Pakistan, forced ppl to migrate. • Never agree on boundaries = dispute. • Sri Lanka • Kurds – divided among several states now. Some U.S. involvement to protect Kurds (they were driven out of Iraq by Saddam Hussein). • VIDEO: Kurds Flee Iraq

  50. Ethnic Cleansing – Key Issue 4

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