1 / 88

Chapter 7 Ethnicity

Chapter 7 Ethnicity. Where are ethnicities distributed? Why have they been transformed into nationalities?. Ethnicity. Ethnicity is a source of pride- groups have measurable differences like income, life expectancy, and infant mortality rate.

qamra
Download Presentation

Chapter 7 Ethnicity

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Chapter 7 Ethnicity Where are ethnicities distributed? Why have they been transformed into nationalities?

  2. Ethnicity • Ethnicity is a source of pride- groups have measurable differences like income, life expectancy, and infant mortality rate. • Ethnicity matters in places with a history of ethnic discrimination. • Ethnicity is a bulwark, or preserver, for diversity in the face of globalization of culture

  3. Definitions • Ethnicity- identity w/ a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a homeland or hearth. From the Greek ethnikos- “national” • Race- identity w/ a group of people who share a biological ancestor. Ethnic identity derives from interaction with and isolation from other groups • Nationality- identity w/ a group who shares legal attachment and personal allegiance to a country. • Ethnicity can be suppressed/denied, but not changed like cultural traits- acculturation

  4. Ethnic Distribution • Sometimes borders of countries match ethnic distributions closely. Sometimes ethnic groups are clustered in one area of a country, or split between countries. • Ethnic groups live in specific regions within a country, and specific neighborhoods within cities.

  5. Distribution in the USA • Hispanics 14% • African Americans 12% • Asians 4% • Native American 1% • White is a race, not an ethnicity • African Americans are clustered in the SE, Asians in the West, and Hispanics in the SW

  6. Concentrations of African Americans • ¼ AA in Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, S. Carolina, Mississippi • 9 states have <1% AA, in New England and N. Plains states

  7. Concentrations of Asian Americans • 4% of US population • Over 50% of all Asian Americans live in CA, where they make up 12% of state pop • Hawaii 40% Asian American • Chinese largest Asian nationality, Followed by Filipinos and Koreans

  8. Concentrations of Hispanics • Over 33% Hispanic pop in TX, NM, AZ • CA over 25% • Mexican largest nationality, followed by PR, Cuban

  9. Ethnic clustering in cities • African Americans highly clustered in cities • Over 50% AA in cities, compared to 25% general population • 85% Detroit, 7% MI • Over 33% Chicago, 12% IL • Hispanics follow same pattern in large Northern cities, but in largest Hispanic states, distribution mixed.

  10. Ethnic clustering in cities • Descendants of European immigrants have mostly left inner cities • European ethnic identity is retained through food, religion, not the old neighborhoods • Concentrations in US cities increasingly AA from the south, or Asian/Hispanic immigrants. • LA has a clustered distribution, while Chicago is less mixed. • Proximity of Asians and AA in LA has led to conflict

  11. African American migration Patterns • Clustering of ethnicities is a result of migration • Three main migration flows of African Americans: • 1. From Africa to the colonies in the 18th century • 2. From South to North in early 20th • 3. From inner city to other neighborhoods 1950-present

  12. From Africa: Slave Trade • 1st arrived in 1619 at Jamestown, VA on Dutch ships • 400,000 shipped by British in 1700’s • Slave trade illegal in 1808, but 250,000 smuggled in illegally • Between 1710-1810, 10 million shipped to new world • British 2 million to Caribbean, Portuguese 2 million to Brazil

  13. From Africa: Slave Trade • Portuguese bought slaves from Angola, Mozambique. Others from W. Africa • Africans on the coast captured people in the interior and sold them to European traders • About 1/4 died crossing the Atlantic • Fewer than 5% of all slaves ended up in the US

  14. From Africa: Slave Trade • After the Civil War, most AA remained in the South • Sharecropper- works rented fields and pays rent w/ a share of the crops • Sharecropper system burdened poor AA w/ high interest and heavy debts • Sharecropping declined in early 20th century w/ new farm machinery • AA pushed off land by machines and pulled toward factory work in Northern cities

  15. Immigration to the North • 2 waves- 1910s and 1920s before/after WWI • 1940s and 1950s before/after WWII • Factories expanded and wars drew off workers • AA arrivals to N. cities settled in large concentrations in just 1-2 neighborhoods.

  16. Expansion of the Ghetto • 1910-1950 pop density in ghetto increased • 500,000 jammed into Chicago’s South Side ghetto- 3mi² • 100,000 per mi² density common- in contrast, modern suburbs 5,000 per mi² • Whole families lived in 1 room w/o heat, kitchens, hot water • Pushed South 1 mi/yr in Chicago

  17. Differentiating Ethnicity and Race • Traits characterizing race are those that can be transmitted genetically- Lactose intolerance 95% Asians, 65% AA/NA, 50% Hispanic, 15% N. European • Asians are a race and Asian American is an ethnicity • Most black Americans trace their ancestry to Africa, but some trace cultural heritage to LA, Africa, Asia, Caribbean

  18. Differentiating Ethnicity and Race • Hispanic/Latino is not a race but an ethnicity • Racism- race is the primary determinant of human traits/capacities and racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race • Racial features are not rooted in specific places, so geographers reject biological classification • Skin color is important to geographers because that’s how society decides where groups live, go to school, etc.

  19. Race in the US • US Census choose 1 of 14 races • 2000 Census- 75% white, 12% black, 4% Asian, 1% Native American, .1% Pacific Islander, 6% other

  20. Race Relations • Race relations in the US discourage spatial interaction • In the past legal segregation, today through preference or discrimination • Plessy v. Ferguson- 1896 “separate but equal” • Jim Crow laws enforced legal segregation

  21. What was Jim Crow? • Jim Crow- after Reconstruction states passed laws designed to enforce segregation • Jim Crow laws were an extension of the slave system • By the 1890s all southern states had legally segregated public transportation and schools- also parks, cemeteries, and other public places.

  22. Race Relations • Throughout the US house deeds contained restrictive covenants that prevented owners from selling to blacks, as well as Roman Catholics or Jews in some places • Brown v. Board of Ed.- 1954 struck down separate but equal decision • Rather than integrate, whites fled. Expansion of the ghettos was possible by “white flight”, emigration of whites in anticipation of blacks moving in.

  23. Race Relations • Detroit’s white population dropped by 1 million between 1950-1975, another ½ million 1975-2000 • White flight encouraged by real estate agents- used racism and fear to make $$ • Blockbusting- white homeowners talked into selling low before blacks cause property values to decline. Turn around and sell high to black families.

  24. What was Apartheid? • Apartheid means “apartness” in Afrikaans- Strict separation of the races. • In 1600’s Dutch settled in S. Africa • Racial conflict was the result of colonial rule and a legacy of slavery • In 1948 the white minority government banned social contacts between blacks and whites. • Segregated schools, hospitals, neighborhoods

  25. Apartheid or Jim Crow?

More Related