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Genetic Information Processing: DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis Overview

Explore the intricacies of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis processes, from double helix structure to transcription and translation, deciphering the genetic code. Understand the essential role of nucleotides, bases, and enzymes in genetic information flow.

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Genetic Information Processing: DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis Overview

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  1. DNA, RNA,Protein Synthesis

  2. DNA Review • Double helix- twisted ladder shape • Nucleotide- deoxyribose (sugar), phosphate, base • 4 bases- Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine • Purine bases: A, G- double ringed chemical structure • Pyrimidine bases: C, T- single ringed structures • A & T held together with 2 hydrogen bonds • C & G held together with 3 hydrogen bonds

  3. RNA Review • Single stranded • Sugar- ribose • Bases- Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine • mRNA- carries genetic info from DNA to direct protein synthesis • rRNA- helps proteins form ribosomes • tRNA- transports amino acids to ribosome

  4. Transcription • Synthesis of mRNA from DNA • mRNA then takes the code from DNA into the cytoplasm for protein synthesis • DNA is unzipped by RNA polymerase (if it ends in –ase its an enzyme)

  5. Transcription • Breaks H bonds to open the DNA strand • New bases come in to make mRNA strand • mRNA moves out of nucleus and into cytoplasm • Proteins are made in the ribosome

  6. The Genetic Code • DNA sequence varies from person to person • 4 bases code for 20 amino acids • Codon- the base code for amino acids • 1 start codon- AUG (methionine)- starts the transcription reading frame • 3 stop codons- UAA, UGA, UAG- stops transcription • Page 338 Genetic Code Chart- need to know

  7. Translation • After mRNA is synthesized, moves to ribosome • In the ribosome, mRNA code is read and translated into proteins • tRNA interprets the codons and reads the code to produce the correct amino acids which form proteins

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