Nouns

1. Nouns

2. Nouns: • A noun is word or group of words that is used to name a person, place, thing or idea. • Persons: veterinarian, leaders, sisters, Dr. Robinson, Americans • Places: classroom, kennel, Lake Mead, Bunker Hill • Things: bumblebee, notebook, Statue of Liberty, collar • Ideas: honesty, willingness, self-esteem, freedom Example: • The teacher gave homework to the class. • Many dogs enjoy walks. • The honesty of the boy was appreciated. (Practice pg. 296)

3. Changing singular nouns to plural • Add “s’ • “Add “es” • Change the “y” to “I” and and “es” • Change the spelling of the word (word change) • Change the “f” to “v” and add “es” • Vowel plus “y” and add “s” • Sometimes the word stays the same (no change)

4. Change the nouns from singular to plural. • ocean balloon hotel • peach dress brush box • penny party baby • foot tooth mouse child • half knife leaf shelf wife • day key tray play monkey • elk moose trout deer salmon sheep

5. Collective Nouns: • A collective noun is a noun that names a group of people, animals, or things. • *** You are not just adding an “s” to make the noun plural! These nouns actually mean a group of something *** • Examples: • People: crew, family, staff, committee • Animals: swarm, herd, pack, colony • Things: clump, stack, bundle, set • The club meets every Saturday in the library. • Did you encounter a school of angelfish while scuba diving? • This small pitcher is part of that antique set. (Practice pg 297 ex.2)

6. Compound Nouns: • A compound noun is a noun made up of two or more words. There are three types of compound nouns. • Separate Words – post office, Golden Gate Bridge, middle school • Hyphenated Words – daughter-in-law, warm-up, left-hander • Combined Words – basketball, railroad, doorknob • My great-uncle arrived from Canada today. • I found a lost dog in the parking lot behind the school. • The classroom is down the hall on the right-hand side. (Practice pg 298 ex.3-4)

7. Common & Proper Nouns: • A common nounnames any one of a group of people, places, or things. It is not specific and it is not generally capitalized unless at the beginning of a sentence. • A proper noun names a specific person, place, or thing. Proper nouns are ALWAYS capitalized. Examples: Common: writer, desk, document, duck, child Proper: Declaration of Independence, Argentina, Mary Wilson • The dog ran out of the yard. • Many Americans are truly patriotic. • Walt Disney World is a wonderful place for a family vacation. • Parks are a great place for exercise. (Practice pg 299 ex. 5)

8. Abstract Nouns: • An abstract noun is a noun that cannot be detected by the five senses. An abstract noun names an idea, feeling, emotion, quality or characteristic. • Examples: sadness, education, love, speed, beauty, communication, happiness • She captured our interest with her enthusiasm. • The loneliness was too much to handle. • The mountain presented a challenge to the hikers.

9. Concrete Nouns: • A concrete noun is a person, animal, place, or thing that you can sense with your five senses. (sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell) • Examples: computer, books, smoke, perfume, siren, bookcase • My clients and I ate dinner at the restaurant. • After some careful thought, the boy purchased the book. • Blindfish live in dark caves and underground streams.

10. Predicate Nouns and Pronouns: • Predicate noun or predicate pronoun follows a linking verb and renames or identifies the subject • A predicate noun or predicate pronoun is never the object of the preposition. • Incorrect ex: Steve Young was one of football’s superstars. “superstars” is an object of the preposition “of” it is not a predicate noun. • Correct ex: The largest lizard is the Komodo dragon. “dragon” is the predicate noun because it identifies the noun lizard.

11. Common Linking Verbs: am can be have been appear Are could be has been become Is may be had been feel Was might be could have been grow Were must be may have been look am being shall be might have been remain are being should be must have been seem is being will be should have been smell was being would be will have been sound were being would have been taste turn stay

12. Direct Objects: • A direct object is a noun or pronoun that receives the action of a verb. • You can find the direct object by asking What? or Whom? after an action verb. Ex: My older brother found a grass snake. Found what? A grass snake Ex: I told Ricky not to take it home. Told whom? Ricky

13. Compound Direct Objects: • Direct objects can be compound, meaning one verb can have two or more direct objects. • Ex: The lizard eats crickets and other bugs. Eats what? Crickets and bugs Ex: The committee chose Frank, Tommy, and Bill to go to the show. Chose whom? Frank, Tommy, and Bill Practice: pg. 412 ex. 35 & 36

14. Indirect Object: • An indirect object is a noun or pronoun that comes after an action verb and before a direct object. It names the person or thing that something is given to or done for. • Always looks for the direct object first, then look to see if there is an indirect object before it. • Indirect objects answer the questions To or For whom? To or For what? after the action verb.

15. Ex: Lucy told him the news. Direct object: Told what? news Indirect object: Told to whom? him Ex: I gave each paper a number. Direct object: Gave what? Number Indirect object: Gave to what? Paper Most sentences with indirect objects will follow the same pattern: subject + action verb + indirect object + direct object

16. Compound Indirect Objects: • Indirect objects can also be compound, meaning they have two or more indirect objects in the sentence. • Ex: He gave his lizard and turtle their food. Direct object: Gave what? Food Indirect objects: Gave to what: lizard, turtle (He + gave + lizard , turtle + food) Practice: pg. 415 ex. 38 &39

17. Appositives:An appositive is a noun or a pronoun placed beside another noun or pronoun to identify or describe it. • Ex. My teacher Mr. Craig enjoys books by Jane Austin. (The appositive “Mr. Craig” identifies the noun teacher.) • Ex. Mr. Craig wishes he could go back in time to talk to one author, her. (The appositive “her” identifies the noun author.)

18. An appositive phrase consists of an appositive and its modifiers. • Ex. Anne, a goodhearted and intelligent woman, must learn not to be too easily persuaded by others. (The appositive phrase “a goodhearted and intelligent woman” adds descriptive information that is unnecessary to the sentence’s basic meaning, so it is set off by commas.) • Ex. Anne’s friend Lady Russell sometimes gives Anne poor advice. (Anne has more than one friend. The appositive “Lady Russell” tells you which friend is meant, so it is not set off by commas.) Do textbook pg. 107 ex. 14 for practice.

19. Possessive Nouns: • Possessive shows ownership • To form the possessive case of a singular noun, add ‘s Ex. A boy’s cap Lucy’s ball the dog’s toy • A proper noun ending in s may only take an ‘ at the end Ex. The Philippines’ government Mr. Rodgers’ cat • Plural nouns not ending in s receives an ‘s at the end Ex. Mice’s tracks men’s hats children’s games • Plural nouns already ending in s just add the apostrophe. Ex. Cats’ basket four days’ delay brushes’ bristles