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Delve into the fundamental themes and principles shaping the field of biology such as Science as a process, Evolution, Energy Transfer, and more. Discover how the study of life is organized through concepts like the hierarchy of the living world, the role of cells, DNA's importance in continuity, and the correlation between structure and function. Uncover the significance of regulatory mechanisms, interdependence in nature, and the impact of science, technology, and society on biological research. Explore what defines living entities, from their ordered organization to energy utilization, response to the environment, and the fascinating process of evolution adaptation. Experience the essence of the scientific method and its crucial role in observing, experimenting, and deducing to expand our knowledge of the living universe. Enhance your understanding of life sciences with comprehensive insights into the themes that govern the study of biology.
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What are Themes? • General principles or ideas that occur over and over. • “Themes” are not a test item, but they are a framework to organize the study of Biology.
AP Biology Themes 1. Science as a process 2. Evolution 3. Energy Transfer 4. Continuity and Change
AP Biology Themes 5. Relationship of Structure & Function 6. Regulation
AP Biology Themes 7. Interdependence in Nature 8. Science, Technology and Society
Themes in the Study of Life 1. The living world is a hierarchy. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function. 3. The continuity of life is based on DNA.
Themes in the Study of Life 4. Structure and function are correlated. 5. Organisms are “open” systems. 6. Regulatory mechanisms maintain balance.
Question • How do we know what is alive and what is not? • What are the properties of Life?
1. Order • Living things are highly organized in structure and function.
Analyzing a biological structure gives us clues about what it does and how it works
Structure and Function are related at all levels system organism
2. Reproduction • Organisms reproduce their own kind.
Life on Earth uses the nucleic acid and code for Heritable Information.
3. Growth & Development • Organisms increase in size and complexity.
Growth - increase in size. Development - increase in complexity. • Life - grows by internal changes.
4. Energy Utilization • Organisms take in energy and transform it to do work.
Organisms are “open” systems, they must continually take in energy.
5. Response To Environment • Organisms respond to changes or stimuli in their environment.
6. Homeostasis • Organisms maintain their internal environment within tolerable limits. • “homeo” = same • “stasis” = state
7. Evolutionary Adaptation • Organisms change over time as they adapt to their environment.
Science is: • A process. • A way of “knowing”.
Science is based on: • Observations • Experiments • Deductive Reasoning
Observations: • Are the “keystone” to Science. • If it can’t be “observed”, it can’t be studied by the Scientific Method. • Can be made through your senses or through the use of tools.
Scientific Method: • Outlines a series of steps for answering questions. • Obtains “evidence” through the use of experiments.
Scientific Method Steps 1. Identify the problem. 2. What is already known? 3. Formulate a hypothesis. 4. Conduct an experiment.
Scientific Method Steps 5. Collect data. 6.Compare data to hypothesis. 7. Conclusions and new hypothesis.
