The Industrial Revolution and Agriculture Innovations

1. Question 1 • Where did the Industrial Revolution begin? • A. England • B. France • C. United States • D. China • E. All of the Above

2. Question 2 • What is one of the fenced-in or hedged-in fields created by wealthy British landowners on land that was formerly worked by village farmers. • A. Estate • B. Entrepreneur • C. Enclosures • D. None of the Above

3. Question 3 • Jethro Tull invented what type of machine? • A. The Flying Shuttle • B. The Telegraph • C. The Seed Drill • D. The Cotton Gin • E. The Reaper

4. Question 4 • What is the system of growing different crop in a field each year to preserve fertility of the land. • A. Enclosure • B. Crop Rotation • C. Farming • D. Factors of Production • E. None of the Above

5. Question 5 • This individual was able to increase the amount of sheep meat by only allowing his best sheep to breed. • A. Jethro Tull • B. Cyrus McCormick • C. Samuel F. B. Morse • D. Robert Blackwell • E. Alexander Graham Bell

6. The Beginnings of Industrialization

7. What is the Industrial Revolution? • Greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England. • It began during the Middle 1700’s • Prior to machine-made goods, people wove textiles by hand • This soon spread to Continental Europe & North America

8. Agriculture Revolution Begins • Wealthy landowners began to purchase up the small amounts of land once owned by small village farmers • Build an enclosures • Began experimenting with: • More productive seeding techniques • Better harvesting methods • 2 Results of enclosure • Trial of new methods • Forced small farmers to be either tenant farmers or to move to the city

9. Jethro Tull • Scientific Farmer • Recognized that sowing seed by scattering it across the ground was wasteful • Invented the horse drawn seed drill in 1701 • This would create crops into neat rows • Seeds would take root at specific depths • More seeds took root creating larger yields of crops

10. Seed Drills JethroTull’s Seed Drill Modern Seed Drill

11. Rotating Crops • Crop Rotation- System of growing different crop in a field each year to preserve fertility of the land. • 1st Year plant wheat (exhaust soil nutrients) • 2nd Year plant turnips (restore nutrients) • 3rd Year plant barley and clover

12. Livestock Innovations • Robert Bakewell increased his sheep meat (mutton) by allowing his best sheep to breed • Increased size of lambs • Food supplies increased • Living conditions improved • England’s population began to increase

13. Question 1 • Where did the Industrial Revolution begin? • A. England • B. France • C. United States • D. China • E. All of the Above

14. Question 2 • What is one of the fenced-in or hedged-in fields created by wealthy British landowners on land that was formerly worked by village farmers. • A. Estate • B. Entrepreneur • C. Enclosures • D. None of the Above

15. Question 3 • Jethro Tull invented what type of machine? • A. The Flying Shuttle • B. The Telegraph • C. The Seed Drill • D. The Cotton Gin • E. The Reaper

16. Question 4 • What is the system of growing different crop in a field each year to preserve fertility of the land. • A. Enclosure • B. Crop Rotation • C. Farming • D. Factors of Production • E. None of the Above

17. Question 5 • This individual was able to increase the amount of sheep meat by only allowing his best sheep to breed. • A. Jethro Tull • B. Cyrus McCormick • C. Samuel F. B. Morse • D. Robert Blackwell • E. Alexander Graham Bell

18. Would you attempt to change your working conditions in the factory? Would you join a union, go to school or run away?

19. Factors of Production • Resources needed for Industrialization • Water Power & Coal to fuel machines • Iron Ore to build machines, tools & buildings • Rivers for Transportation • Harbors for ships to set sail from • Also needed is business investors • Britain’s highly developed banking system

20. Britain’s Textile Industry • Britain’s lead the world in textile industry • First industry to make significant changes • John Kay developed the flying shuttle (pg. 285) in 1733 • James Hargreaves developed the spinning jenny (spinning wheel) in 1764 • Both the shuttle and the jenny done by hand

21. Textile Industry Cont. • 1769 Richard Arkwright developed the water frame • 1779 Samuel Crompton developed the spinning mule • 1787 Edmund Cartwright developed the power loom • All of these inventions were bulky and were kept in large buildings called factories

22. Question 2-1 • What are some of the resources that are needed for industrialization? • A. Coal • B. Water • C. Iron Ore • D. Rivers • E. All of the above

23. Question 2-2 • Besides natural resources, what is another factor in industrialization? • A. Churches • B. New Countries • C. Banking and Investors • D. None of the above

24. Question 2-3 • Who invented the flying shuttle? • A. John Kay • B. James Hargreaves • C. Eli Whitney • D. Samuel Crompton • E. Edmund Cartwright

25. Question 2-4 • Eli Whitney invented what type of machine? • A. Spinning Mule • B. Water Frame • C. Power Loom • D. Cotton Gin • E. Spinning Jenny

26. Question 2-5 • These large inventions were generally kept in large buildings called_____? • A. University • B. Factories • C. Warehouse • D. Home sweet home

27. Transportation • James Watt made the steam engine work faster and more efficient • Work with Matthew Boulton who was an entrepreneur • Goal to build even better engine

28. Transportation • Robert Fulton built steamboat named Clermont while using Boulton & Watt steam engine • In England the creation of canals • Over 4,000 miles of inland channels • Transport goods and materials at a lower cost • John McAdam improved road travel • Placed a layer on road beds with large stones for drainage • Used crushed rocks for top layer prevent wagons sinking in the mud

29. Railway Age Begins • Steam Engine on wheels • Richard Trevithick won bet by hauling 10 tons of iron over 10 miles of track • Soon other British engineers built even better models • George Stephenson built 20 engines for mine operators creating first rail line • 27 mile line from Yorkshire coal fields to the port of Stockton (North Sea)

30. Railway Age Begins Cont. • Entrepreneurs in northern England wanted a railway from Liverpool to Manchester • George Stephenson Rocket • Haul 13 tons of material at 24 mph • Opened in 1830 • Railroads revolutionize life in Britain • Cheap way to transport goods • Created more jobs • Boosted agricultural & fishing industries

31. Question 3-1 • A person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business is called what? • A. Middle Class • B. Entrepreneur • C. The big boss • D. Mr. Porter

32. Question 3-2 • Who supported James Watt in improving the steam engine to work faster and more efficiently while burning less fuel? • A. John McAdam • B. Michael Boulton • C. Matthew Boulton • D. Donald Trump

33. Question 3-4 • Richard Trevithick won a bet in 1804 for accomplishing what? • A. Inventing the Locomotive • B. Hauling passengers across England • C. Building the fastest train ever to be built • D. Hauling 10 tons of material across 10 miles of track in a steam locomotive • E. None of the Above

34. Question 3-5 • How did the railroads revolutionize life in Britain? • A. Cheap way to transport goods • B. Created more jobs • C. Boosted other industries such as fishing and agriculture • D. None of the above • E. All of the above