INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT IN MANGO

1. INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT IN MANGO Next End

2. INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT IN MANGO Weed management methods • Hand weeding • Mechanical method • Cover cropping • Chemical control Next Previous End

3. INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT IN MANGO • Hand weeding • Usually, manual method of weed control is adopted at this time due to young nature of mango plants by employing women labour. • They use small hand tools (khoorpi) for removing weeds in basins and between rows of plants. Next Previous End

4. INTRODUCTION • Mango (Magiferaindica L.)occupies major area under fruits in the country. • It is adaptable to a wide range of soil and climatic conditions provided severe and recurring frosts in winter do not endanger the young trees (Anon., 1980). • There are numbers of varieties grown in India and some are of export quality. • Veneer grafting and stone grafting are found to be the best method for mango propagation. • The major monocot weeds that occur in mango orchards are Cynodondactylon and Cyperusrotundus and dicot weeds are Bidenspilosa, TridaxprocumbensandPhyllanthusmaderaspatensis. Next Previous End

5. INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT IN MANGO Mechanical method • When the orchards comes of age, i.e., between 8 and 10 years, mechanical method of weeding by using bullock drawn implements or motor un tractors and tillers with special weeding tools attachments are employed for effective weed control. • The type and nature of tools used in mechanical method depend upon the row spacing adopted for orchard. • And in an average type of mango orchard, three to four ploughing (machine or bullock drawn) are enough in a year. Next Previous End

6. INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT IN MANGO • Cover cropping • Cover cropping is another practice followed in mango orchard to suppress the growth of weeds, to bring additional income to the grower until the trees begin to bear and improve the health of trees if the intercrops grown are of right type. • The recommended intercrops in mango orchards for summer season are bottle gourd, bitter gourd, onion, chilies, cowpea, black gram and green gram. • For winter season, the intercrops suggested are peas, turnip, cauliflower, carrot, radish and gram. Next Previous End

7. INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT IN MANGO Chemical control • Herbicides have been used to some extent in mango to control weeds. • Application of paraquat (3.0kg a.i./ha) give good control of weeds in mango or diuron as pre emergent treatment at 6.67 and 8.9 kg/ha. • Bromacil and dalapon were also effective for controlling dicot and monocot weeds respectively. • One spray of atrazin or diuron at 2.0 kg a.i./ha as pre emergent treatment to soil and one spray of paraquat as post –emergent spray on weeds at 3.0kg a.i./ha effective for controlling both monocot and dicot weeds in one to five years old mango orchard. Next Previous End

8. REFERENCES • Gupta, O.P. 1998. Weed management - Principles and Practices. Agro Botanical Publishers, Bikaner. • Rao, V.S.1994. Principles of Weed Science. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. • Subramanian, S., A.Mohamed Ali and R.Jayakumar. 1997. All about weed control. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi. • C. Chinnusamy, N.K. Prabhakaran P. Janaki K. Govindarajan. 2009. Compendium on Weed Science Research in Tamil Nadu (25 years). AICPR-WC, Department of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore - 641 003 • K. A.A. Kabeer and V.J. Nair. 2009. Flora of Tamil Nadu- Grasses. Botanical Survey of India, Kolkatta. Next Previous End

9. ASSESSMENT • Which method of weed control followed for 8 to 10 year mango orchards. a. Manual weeding b. Power tiller c. Cover cropping • Which crop used as cover crop to control the weeds a. Bottle gourd b. Tomato c. Brinjal 3. What is the major methods of weed control adopted for young orchards a. Power tiller b. Hand weeding c. Bullock drawn 4. --------------- is the major herbicide used to control the monocot and dicot weeds. a. Paraquatb. Atrazine. c. Diuron Previous