Bell Ringer

1. Bell Ringer • Grab your text-book • Define the word Culture • Look at our school as a culture • List traits that are part of our schools culture • Food/eating, customs, languages, traditions, accepted behaviors, fashion, etc. • Identify at least three geographic factors that have contributed to growth of West Point

2. Island

3. Chapter 3 Population And Culture

4. Chapter Outline • Wednesday and Thurdsay • Section 1 • Monday/Tuesday • Section 2 • Project/Activity • Start Chapter 4 Wednesday/Work on Activity • Thursday/Friday Section 1 & 2 and Work time

5. Chapter 3 Activity Project • Project Due the day of the Ch.s 3 &4 Tests • 2 Choices • Either grab two sheets of colored paper to create this project • -Or- Create this on a word document later but use scratch paper now • You will then create concept maps that answers the four questions under the reading focus on page 87

6. Population and Culture • Culture • Beliefs and actions that define a group of people’s way of life. • Population Density • Average number of people in a square mile or km

7. People & Environments • People have always adapted to their surrounding environments • Have allowed people to survive in areas that could have been hostile earlier. • Example from colder regions? • Where heavier clothing, store food for winter, etc. • Remember the Arizona example from movement in Ch.1? • What made people able to move to Arizona from 1850-1950? • Refrigerated cars, and air conditioning

8. People and Environment • People have also changed the earth’s physical landscape • How has the physical landscape around West Point Changed? • Plowing lands, grazing animals, cutting trees, and damming/changing river patterns.

9. Population Density • Easiest Way • Divide total Population by regions total land area • Problems? • Could be areas that are hostile (hard to live in) • Solutions • Geographers then divide population by arable land, instead of total land • Arable land= land that can be farmed

10. Population Growth • Technology has increased the ability to increase food production, and healthcare • Effects of Population Growth (2 outlooks) • Optimistic • As population increases, the level of technology and creativity will increase. • Pessimistic(negative) • As population increases so will famine, disease, and natural resources depletion

11. Comparing Growth Rates • World Growth Rate is very uneven • Birthrate • Number of live berths each year, per 1,000 people • Death rate • Number of deaths each year per 1,000 people

12. Uneven Growth Rate • Different Balances in Birth and death rates • Immigration/Emigration numbers also affect the growth rate of a country • Immigration • People moving into a country • Emigration • People leaving the country

13. Growth Rate • Zero population growth • BR + Immigration = DR + Emigration • Happens in many industrialized nations • Increasing Population Growth • BR + Immigration exceeds DR + Emigration • Happens in many developing countries, because of high BR and lower DR due to technology

14. Patterns of Settlement • Densest Concentrations of people • Lie in East Asia, South Asia, Europe, and eastern N. America • Metropolitan Areas • Central Cities surrounded by suburbs • Rural • Countryside • Urbanization • Growth of city populations • Cities growing twice as fast as rural

15. Answer • Questions to captions on pg 88 & 90 • Answer in notes • Have Ready to start tomorrow • Work on Sect. 1 G.R.R.

16. Bell Work • Let me see you answers in notes to 88/89 captions • Why are the densest concentrations of people in urban areas? • Why is urbanization a problem in many countries? • Most Densely populated areas? • N.East U.S., W. Europe, India, East Asia • By 2015, how many urban areas will have more than 14 million inhabitants • Fifteen urban areas

17. Simulation Activity • This activity is done to demonstrate the strains that population growth can cause • Everyone take out a piece of scratch paper and write a random 7 digit phone number on it. • 3 Volunteers (rest quiet please) • Class Participation • Discussion

18. Nature of Culture • Culture is reflected in 2 ways • Objects and Ideas (Material/Non-material) • Material Culture • Things made: food, clothing, buildings, arts, crafts, and technology • Non-Material Culture • Religions, language, spiritual beliefs, and behavior patterns. • Class/gender roles, gov’t systems, etc

19. Nature of Culture • Culture Hearths • Places where important ideas begin and from which they spread to surrounding cultures • Usually refers to ancient times • SW Asia is a cultural hearth for the taming and herding of animals and crop growing

20. Culture Hearth • What would be the Cultural Hearth of the Olympics and organized athletics? • Greece • What would be the cultural Hearth of Football? • Rugby in UK

21. Nature of Culture • Language • Cornerstone of culture • All cultures have language and use it as tool to pass on knowledge/beliefs to other generations • Reflects a cultures identity • Same language can often mean similar customs. • Many societies/cultures speak different languages

22. Nature of Culture • Religion • Helps people answer basic questions about meaning/purpose of life • Supports values that culture/society deem important • Monotheistic/Polytheistic two types

23. Nature of Culture • Cultural Landscapes • Uniqueness of these that reflect specific cultures caused by • Cultures use of natural resources • Cultures altering of earths surface • Example: Rural areas in U.S. & China • U.S. filled w/ big barns/open fields • China filled w/ flooded paddy fields, use of hand-held tools

24. Nature of Culture • Social Organization • Every culture organizes its members into smaller units. • Meant to help people of a culture work together to meet basic needs • Value can depend on culture • Family = most important

25. Social Organization • Value by culture example • Social Class • Can be based on money, occupation, ancestry, etc. • Why does the U.S. have so many immigrants? • Social Class is more based on education and hard work over ancestry or money • Those values make it easier to move b.t. classes

26. Nature of Culture • Women and Minorities • Many cultures do have restrictions on social mobility • Most restrictions are imposed on what? • Women, and ethnic/religious minorities • Majority Groups often use economic measures to discriminate • I.E. jobs, land, preferences, etc.

27. Review • Most important of the cultural elements • Language • Family is the most important of these? • Social Organizations • Place where important Ideas begin and spread • Cultural Hearth • Humans using natural resources, and changing physical landscapes leads to? • Varying Cultural Landscapes

28. Cultural Change • Changed by both internal and external influences • New discoveries, ideas, technology can bring change • Change is usually related to either new technology or new ideas on doing something

29. Cultural Change • Cultural Convergence • Occurs when skills, arts, ideas, habits, and institutions of one culture come in contact with those of another • Examples • Hit song in U.S. can quickly become popular around the world • Mexican food’s popularity in U.S.

30. Cultural Change • Diffusion • Process by which a cultural element is transmitted across some distance from one group/individual to another. • Often occurs because of what? • Migration/Immigration • Example • E. & W. hemispheres come in contact with one another. (Europeans and Native Americans) • Europeans take the ideas of growing corn, beans, and potatoes back to their cultures

31. Cultural Change • Some cultures limit cultural contact and spreading of ideas • Why? • B/c they are repressive and are seeking ways to control people • Cultural Divergence • Restriction of a culture from outside cultural influences • Example: Fall of Communism cause? • May have been ability of their culture to see the ideas of freedom and rights of other cultures

32. Lesson Closing • Complete Skills for life on page 99 • Finish any of Section 1 G.R.R.

33. Bell Work: Monday • Get out Section 1 Quiz and complete it to best on knowledge

34. Chapter 3 Section 2 Political and Economic Systems

35. Worlds Countries • Every country has four common characteristics • Clearly defined territories • Population • Sovereignty • Government

36. Worlds Countries • Territory • Includes land, water, and natural resources w/in boundaries • Can be determined in two major ways • Naturally (rivers, mountain) • Politically (treaties, wars, etc.) • Natural resources more important than size • Oil, coal, iron, etc. can make a country wealthier than size may imply

37. How/Why is population density important? The size of a country doesn’t reflect its population Some countries (Canada/Russia) have large areas and only concentrations in certain places What countries could be examples of small areas but big populations Can have both a wide variety of people/cultures as well as similar Citizens (people of a population) are assured protection by paying? Taxes Population

38. Sovereignty • Sovereignty • Nations freedom from outside control. • Sovereign nations est. own policies • Sovereignty allows a country to: • Act independently • Deal equally w/other sovereign countries • Protect territory and citizens

39. Lesson Closing:Project Activity • Get with 12 o’clock partner and read about one of the assigned gov’t structures and authority types and fill in the chart. • When instructed then go around and Give 1 Take 1 With other students until yours is complete!

40. Bell Work • Finish any of chart yourself, then answer captions on pages 101-103

41. Types of Government • Government • Classified according to basis and structure • The institution a society uses to make/enforce its public policies and provide common needs. • Common needs • Keeping order • Protecting society • Providing services

42. Government Structures • Classified according to the relationship b.t. the smaller units and the central government • 3 Main Types • Unitary • Federation • Confederation

43. Unitary System • One Central Gov’t Runs nation • Central Gov’t makes laws for entire nation • Local gov’t only has powers given them by central gov’t • Examples • Great Britain • Japan

44. Federation • Some powers are given to nat’l gov’t; others reserved for local • U.S is a federation • Many articles in constitution outline powers held by federal/state powers

45. Confederation • Smaller political units keep power, with limited powers to central • Separate states keep powers to retain own identities but to also come together to cooperate in common concerns • Example? • Confederate States during 1860s Civil War era

46. Government Authority • Another way to classify a government • 5 Main types • Authoritarian • Leaders hold all/nearly all political power • Dictatroship • Most common form of Authoritarian today • Power is concentrated in a small group or single person • Usually use military force or political terror to gain/keep power

47. Totalitarianism • Most extreme form of dictatorship • Government tries to control every aspect of society • Politics • Economy • Personal Lives • Examples? • Germany under Hitler • Soviet Union under Stalin

48. Monarchy • Historically most common Authoritarian • Monarchs--Kings, queens, pharoahs inherit position by birth into ruling family • Past---- ruled w/ dictorial power • Today: Constitutional Monarchies • Power rests with elected lawmaking body • Monarch serves as symbol

49. Democracies • People choose leaders • Have power to set policies • Eligible citizens have the right to choose representatives who make laws • Examples: • U.S. -- Russia post communism • Germany/China post WWII

50. Economic Systems • Attempts to answer 3 basic questions • What (and how many) goods/services will be produced • How will these products be produced? • How will the products and wealth gained from their sale be distributed?