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Atoms & the Periodic Table

The alphabet of the universe!. Atoms & the Periodic Table. Elements. Atomic structure of a Diamond- carbon. Element- Any material made up of only one kind of atom. Ex. nickel, gold, zinc, iron Brass?. Brass is a mixture of copper and zinc. Does an element have to be solid? .

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Atoms & the Periodic Table

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  1. The alphabet of the universe! Atoms & the Periodic Table

  2. Elements Atomic structure of a Diamond- carbon • Element- Any material made up of only one kind of atom. Ex. nickel, gold, zinc, iron • Brass? Brass is a mixture of copper and zinc Does an element have to be solid? An element can be a gas- nitrogen (N) or hydrogen (H) Or a liquid like mercury (Hg), bromine (Br)

  3. Periodic Table of Elements

  4. Atomic Symbols

  5. Helpful definitions • Be familiar with the elements- -Au or gold; Pb or lead, Fe or iron Atoms recycle from one form to another- -particles melt, react, digestion, respiration Brownian motion- constant movement of particles Parts of the atom: Nucleons- particles In the nucleus; protons & neutrons.

  6. Isotopes- Atoms that vary in neutrons Atomic Number Mass Number Equals number of protons & neutrons combined Varies in nature Same element may have multiple forms with different number of neutrons What is the atomic mass of Li? C? Br? • Equals number of protons • Stays the same • Identifies the element • What is the atomic number of Li? C? Br? • Atomic Mass- Atomic Number= # of Neutrons 12.011 C 6 C Example: 12.011 – 6 = 6.011 neutrons

  7. Metals/Nonmetals/Metalloid Properties Metals-Shiny; opaque; good conductors of heat and electricity; Malleable- can be hammered and shaped; Ductile-made into wire; generally solid Nonmetals- Transparent, poor conductors of heat and electricity; not malleable or ductile; very brittle and shatter; solid, liquid or gas (Halogen gases) Metalloids- Border metals and nonmetals; Weak conductors of electricity; Properties between the metals and nonmetals

  8. Group- Vertical Column Period- Horizontal Row

  9. Periodic Trends- Size of Radius

  10. Periodic Table- Ionization Energy

  11. Periodic Trends- Combined

  12. Common Names for Elements Group 1A- Alkali Metals- Metals that are alkaline; used for making soap Example: KCO3 or potassium carbonate or potash; ancient common name Group 2A- Alkaline Earth Metals- Metals that are alkaline when mixed with water; resistant to fire; ancient common name Group 3-12- Transition metals- Harder metals; less reactive with water; do not form alkaline substances; used for structural purposes Group 13-15- No common name; mostly metals; some metalloids; nonmetals Group 16- Chalcogens- “ore producing” because the top two elements are sulfur and oxygen; commonly found in ore; metal/metalloids/nonmetals Group 17- Halogens- “salt forming” nonmetals; ‘salt’ meaning ionic substance made from combining an acid and a base Group 18- Noble Gases- inactive or inert nonmetals

  13. Inner Transition Metals Sixth Period- Inner transition Metals are the Lanthanide Series Seventh Period- Actinide Series Can you guess why? Lanthanide Series follows lanthanum; Actinide Series follows actinium!

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