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1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system. 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system. Essential Standards:. What are the functions of the skeletal system? What are some disorders of the skeletal system? How are skeletal disorders treated?

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1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

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  1. 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  2. 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system Essential Standards: • What are the functions of the skeletal system? • What are some disorders of the skeletal system? • How are skeletal disorders treated? • How does the skeletal system relate to the body’s systems of support and movement? 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  3. Functions of the Skeletal System Support – supports body structures and provides shape. Protection – protects internal organs. -list examples and the organs they protect Movement – allows movement and anchorage of muscles. Upon contraction, skeletal muscles pull on the bone and move it. 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  4. Functions of the Skeletal System • Mineral Storage – bones are a storage depot for minerals like calcium and phosphorus. In case of inadequate nutrition, the body is able to draw upon these reserves. • For example, if the blood calcium dips below the normal, bones will release calcium into the blood to bring levels back to normal. • Hemopoiesis – red marrow is the site of blood cell formation. • How many new red blood cells do you think the bone marrow makes every day?

  5. Functions of the Skeletal System A little more about movement: Types of movement- Flexion – brings two bones closer together (bend) Extension– increases the angle between two bones (extend) 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  6. Functions of the Skeletal System Types of movement cont. Abduction – movement of an extremity away from midline Adduction – movement of an extremity towards midline

  7. Functions of the Skeletal System Types of movement cont. Circumduction – the circular movement of a limb

  8. Functions of the Skeletal System Types of movement cont. Rotation – pivot motion where a bone moves around a central axis.

  9. Functions of the Skeletal System Types of movement finished Pronation – forearm turns the hand so the palm is downward Supination – forearm turns the hand so the palm is upward

  10. Disorders of the Skeletal System 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  11. Disorders of the Skeletal System • Arthritis – (arthro = joint, itis = inflammation) - an inflammatory condition of one more joints, accompanied by pain and often by changes in bone position. - many different kinds, but the most common are: • Osteoarthritis • Rheumatoid arthritis 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  12. Disorders of the Skeletal System • Osteoarthritis – “normal wear and tear arthritis” • AKA: Degenerative Joint Disease • Articular cartilage degenerates and a bony spur forms in joint • pain and swelling in joint • Worsens with activity • Occurs with aging; 80% of Americans are affected 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  13. Disorders of the Skeletal System Osteoarthritis

  14. Disorders of the Skeletal System • Rheumatoid Arthritis – - chronic autoimmune disease (when the body’s immune system attacks its own tissues) that affects the connective tissue and joints - inflammation, thickening of the synovial membrane and fusing of the joints - joints are badly swollen and painful  - muscles spasm and cause deformities in the joints - symptoms generally worse in the morning - affects three times more women than men - cause unknown 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  15. Disorders of the Skeletal System Rheumatoid arthritis

  16. Disorders of the Skeletal System • Arthritis • Compare rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. • Treatments: • Medications to help with pain and swelling (NSAID’s or other prescription strength options) • Glucosamine and chondroitin (substances naturally found in cartilage) 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  17. Disorders of the Skeletal System • Gout • inflammation of a joint caused by build up of uric acid crystals in the joint • Uric acid is formed by the breakdown of molecules called purines • Usually affects the joint of the big toe, but can also be in other joints 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  18. Disorders of the Skeletal System Gout • Treatments: • Avoid high purine foods (such as organ meats, anchovies, herring, asparagus and mushrooms) • NSAID’s 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  19. Disorders of the Skeletal System • Osteoporosis (Osteoporoosis = bone, pores in the bone, condition) • Decrease in bone mass and density that leaves the bone thinner, porous and susceptible to fracture • 80% of sufferers are female • X-rays won’t pick it up until fairly advanced • Often first symptom will be a fracture in the wrist, hip or spine 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  20. Disorders of the Skeletal System • Osteoporosis • Explain two reasons why this woman gets shorter as she ages!!!!!!! 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  21. Disorders of the Skeletal System Osteoporosis • Treatment is aimed at preventing or slowing the process • Diet, supplements and weight bearing exercise • Some medications are available 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  22. Disorders of the Skeletal System • Rickets • Usually found in children and is caused by a lack of vitamin D • Bones become soft due to lack of calcification • Causes deformities like bowlegs and pigeon breast 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  23. Disorders of the Skeletal System • Rickets • Treated with diet and sunlight for calcium and vitamin D • Is this a health concern in the U.S.? Why/why not? 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  24. Disorders of the Skeletal System • Abnormal spinal curvatures KYPHOSISLordosisSCOLIOSIS 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  25. Disorders of the Skeletal System • Kyphosis- (hunchback!!) • Humped curvature in the thoracic area of the spine

  26. Disorders of the Skeletal System • Lordosis – (swayback) • Exaggerated inward curvature in the lumbar region of the spine just above the sacrum

  27. Disorders of the Skeletal System • SCOLIOSIS – • A side to side or lateral curvature of the spine • Symptoms include: • Uneven shoulders • One shoulder blade that appears more prominent than the other • Uneven waist • One hip higher than the other

  28. Disorders of the Skeletal System Trauma- • Dislocation • Fractures 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  29. Skeletal System Trauma • Dislocation- • Occurs when a bone is displaced from its proper position in a joint • Reduction or return of the bone to its proper alignment and rest to allow the ligaments to heal are necessary • Subluxation is an incomplete or partial dislocation. 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  30. Skeletal System Trauma Fractures: A break in the bone 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  31. Skeletal System Trauma Types of fractures: • Closed/Simple: • When the bone is broken but the broken ends do not pierce through the skin 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  32. Skeletal System Trauma Types of fractures: • OPEN/COMPOUND: • Where the broken bone ends pierce and protrude through the skin. • This can lead to infection of the bone and neighboring tissue. 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  33. Skeletal System Trauma Types of fractures: • Comminuted: • When the bone is splintered or broken into many pieces 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  34. Skeletal System Trauma Types of fractures: • GREENSTICK: • Bone is partly bent but never completely separates • Common among children 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  35. Skeletal System Trauma Fractures are treated in three major ways: • Closed reduction- bones are aligned by manipulation, and a cast or splint is applied. • Open reduction- through surgery, wires, metal plates, or screws are used to hold the bone in alignment and a cast or splint may be applied. • Traction- a pulling force is used to hold the bones in place. 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  36. 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system Essential Standards: • What are the functions of the skeletal system? • What are some disorders of the skeletal system? • How are skeletal disorders treated? • How does the skeletal system relate to the body’s systems of support and movement? 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

  37. 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system The End 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

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