3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

1. 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

2. 3.02 Essential Questions • What are the functions of the nervous system? • What are some disorders of the nervous system? • How are nervous system disorders treated? • How does the nervous system relate to the body’s communication systems? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

3. Functions of the nervous system:Neurons Neurons transmit information to other neurons or muscle cells How do these functions impact health? • Sensory: respond to tactile stimuli • Motor: pass information from the brain/spinal cord to muscles • Associative: enable communication between sensory and motor neurons 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

4. Functions of the central nervous system:Brain Think about it… How do you use your brain? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

5. Functions of the central nervous system:Brain How do you use your Cerebrum? • Frontal lobe-behavior, learning, personality, voluntary movement • Parietal lobe-reception and correlation of sensory information • Occipital lobe- vision processing center • Temporal lobe-auditory processing 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

6. Functions of the central nervous system:Brain How do you use your limbic system? • What is the limbic system? Is this a new term for you? • amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, and cingulate gyrus • The limbic system deals with emotions and memories • Can you control it? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

7. Functions of the central nervous system:Brain your limbic system at work! What’s happening in these pictures? Can you control it? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

8. Functions of the central nervous system:BrainHow do you use your cerebellum? Discuss the functions of the cerebellum illustrated in this gymnast’s picture. 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

9. Functions of the central nervous system: BRAIN • Diencephalon • Located between the cerebrum and the midbrain • Structures • Thalamus • Hypothalamus • Pineal body • Pituitary gland 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

10. Functions of the central nervous system: BRAIN • Diencephalon • Thalamus – interpretation of sensory information • Hypothalamus – link between nervous and endocrine system via Pituitary gland 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

11. Functions of the central nervous system:Brain How do you use your brain stem? • Midbrain: associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake cycle, arousal and temperature regulation • Pons: Origin for CN V, VI, VII, VIII; also controls intensity and depth of breathing • Medulla oblongata: respiratory and circulatory center; also has function with digestion, sneezing and swallowing 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

12. Functions of the central nervous system:Brain Discuss the relevance of the brain stem for these functions? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

13. Functions of the central nervous system:Spinal Cord Discuss the functions of the spinal cord. What is the relevance to health? Brain Body Structures 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

14. Functions of the Peripheral nervous system • Cranial • Spinal What do the peripheral nerves do? What is their relevance to health? Also called sensory-somatic nervous system 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

15. Functions of the peripheral nervous system:Autonomic nervous system Discuss the functions of the autonomic nervous system. 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

16. Functions of the nervous system • Discuss the relevance of the nervous system to the body’s communication systems. 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

17. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Alzheimer’s disease: progressive disease impacting memory and other mental functions 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

18. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Alzheimer’s disease Risk Factors: age, gender, genetics, prior head trauma, Symptoms: persistent/progressive memory lapses, disorientation, difficulty with speaking, writing, decision making, depression, anxiety, mood swings, loss of inhibition, wandering, delusions How is it treated? How is it prevented? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

19. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Alzheimer’s disease Treatment: medications, supportive environment, nutrition, exercisePrevention: No guaranteed preventions, may help by lowering risk of heart disease 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

20. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments Multiple Causes cause cause cause cause cause • Cerebral palsy -Disorder of movement, muscle tone, and/or posture most often occurring during development Treatment: medication, therapy, possible surgery Which healthcare team members will take care of the patient with cerebral palsy?-pediatrician -pediatric neurologist -SpEd -ortho surgeon -PT/OT -speech pathologist -developmental therapist -mental health spec. 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

21. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Epilepsy-CNS disorder often leading to seizures s/s: confusion, staring spell, uncontrolled body movements, LOC Treatment: anti-seizure medications Should a person with epilepsy be allowed to drive? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

22. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Hydrocephalus Hydro- cephal -us -Build up of fluid in the ventricles of the brain High Risk: Newborns s/s: changes to size of head, vomiting, sleepiness, irritability, poor feeding, seizures, sunsetting, Treatment: surgery (shunt) 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

23. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Meningitis-swelling of the meninges Causes: bacterial, viral, fungal s/s: sudden high fever, severe headache, stiff neck, n/v, confusion, difficulty concentrating, seizures, photophobia, possible skin rash How is it treated?-bacterial: immediate antibiotic-viral: bed rest, fluids, OTC meds 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

24. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Multiple sclerosis-immune system attacks myelin sheath of neurons s/s: numbness/weakness in limbs, loss of vision, tremor, slurred speech, fatigue, dizziness, balance problems 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

25. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Multiple sclerosis Who is most likely to develop it?Ages 15-60, females, family history, infection (epstein-barr), smoking Treatment: medications, PT, alternative therapy (meditation/yoga, massage, etc.) 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

26. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Neuritis: inflammation of peripheral nerves Aka neuropathy s/s: numbness/tingling, burning, aching, sharp pain, extreme sensitivity, lack of coordination/falling Treatment: medication, PT, surgery How is neuritis prevented? Diet/exercise 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

27. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Paralysis: the loss of the ability to move or feel part of the body either temporarily or permanently “disabling of a nerve” How does this quote relate to paralysis? s/s: numbness, tingling, weakness Prognosis dependent on cause 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

28. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Paralysis • Quadriplegia: Paralysis of all 4 appendages • Paraplegia: Paralysis of legs • Hemiplegia: Paralysis of R/L half of body 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

29. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Parkinson’s disease: progressive disorder due to nerve cell degeneration, impacting movement • May be linked to genetics or environmental factors s/s: tremors, bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, speech impairments, impaired posture/balance, loss of automatic movements (blinking, smiling, swinging arms with walking) 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

30. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Parkinson’s disease • Who is most likely to have this disorder? • Typically develops after age 60 How is it treated? -no current cure; treated with medications (symptomatically) and possibly surgery (deep brain stimulation) 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

31. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Poliomyelitis: Viral illness; contagious • Paralytic and non-paralytic • s/s fever, sore throat, headache, n/v, fatigue, back/neck pain & stiffness, muscle weakness, meningitis • VACCINE AVAILABLE 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

32. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Poliomyelitis • Treatment: bed rest, pain relievers, portable ventilator, PT, nutritious diet 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

33. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Spinal cord injury • s/s loss of movement (partial or complete) loss of sensation (partial or complete), loss of bowel/bladder control, spasm, difficulty breathing, coughing or “clearing throat” 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

34. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Spinal cord injury • What determines a patient’s symptoms? • Location of injury along spinal cord • Severity of injury/Completeness 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

35. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • Spinal cord injury • How is it treated? • Currently, no way to reverse damage • Acutely: maintain ability to breathe, immobilize to prevent further damage • What are the risk factors for teens? • Most likely to suffer traumatic spinal cord injury between 16-30 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

36. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • West Nile Virus • Where is the greatest incidence of West Nile virus? • -Africa, Europe, Middle East, North America, West Asia s/s: fever, headache, body aches, n/v, diarrhea, fatigue, skin rash, disorientation/confusion, stupor/coma, seizures, partial paralysis 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

37. Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments • West Nile Virus • Often spread through mosquitoes • How is it treated? • Generally people recover on their own • Severe cases: Hospitalization with IV fluids and pain medication 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

38. 3.02 Essential Questions • What are the functions of the nervous system? • What are some disorders of the nervous system? • How are nervous system disorders treated? • How does the nervous system relate to the body’s communication systems? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

39. 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous systemThe end 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system