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Reaction Types

Reaction Types. Chemistry Dr. May. Single Displacement Reaction. A Compound and an element form a compound and an element C + A B  CB + A Zn + 2 H Cl  ZnCl 2 + H 2 . May I Have This Dance ?. Dancer C steps in to dance with B replacing A

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Reaction Types

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  1. Reaction Types Chemistry Dr. May

  2. Single Displacement Reaction • A Compound and an element form a compound and an element • C + AB CB + A • Zn + 2 HCl  ZnCl2 + H2 

  3. May I Have This Dance ? • Dancer C steps in to dance with B replacing A • C + AB  CB + A

  4. Zn + 2 HCl 2 Al + 6 HCl  Mg + 2 HNO3  Zn + H2SO4 ZnCl2 + H2 2 AlCl3+ 3 H2  Mg(NO3)2 + H2  ZnSO4+ H2  Single Displacement Reactions

  5. Cu + 2 AgNO3 2 Fe + 2 CuSO4 3 Al + 2 CuCl2  Mg + CuSO4  Cu(NO3)2 + 2 Ag Fe2(SO4)3+ 2 Cu 3 AlCl3 + 2 Cu MgSO4 + Cu Single Displacement Reactions

  6. Activity Series Will React With Acid Most Active Li, K, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, Zn, Cr, Fe,Ni, Sn, Pb H Cu, Hg, Ag, Pt, Au HCl + Zn  ZnCl2 + H2  Acid Will Not React With Acid Least Active

  7. Driving Force A single displacement reaction is driven by the electron affinity of the elements 2 AgNO3 + Cu  Cu(NO3)2 + 2 Ag 2 Ag+1 + 2 NO31 + Cu0  Cu+2 + 2 NO31 + 2 Ag0 Silver wants electrons more than copper 2 Ag+1 + Cu0  Cu+2 + 2 Ag0 Copper is oxidized and silver is reduced

  8. Double Displacement Reaction • Two compounds form two different compounds • AB + CD  AD + CB • HCl + KOH  KCl + HOH

  9. Let’s Trade Partners • Dancer A takes D and dancer C takes B • AB + CD  B + D  C CB + AD A

  10. HCl + NaOH  2 HCl + Ca(OH)2  2 KI + Pb(NO3)2  NH4Cl + KOH  NaCl + HOH CaCl2 + 2 HOH PbI2 + 2 KNO3 KCl + NH4OH Double Displacement Reactions

  11. Driving Double Displacement • Formation of a precipitate (AgCl ) • Formation of a non-ionized material (H2O) • Formation of a gas (CO2 )

  12. Formation of a precipitate AgNO3 + KCl  AgCl  + KNO3 Silver chloride precipitates from solution and drives the reaction to the right

  13. Formation of a non-ionized material HNO3 + KOH  HOH + KNO3 Water is covalently bonded and does not ionize, driving the reaction to the right.

  14. Formation Of A Gas 2 HNO3 + K2CO3 2 KNO3 + H2CO3 HOH + CO2  Carbonic Acid is unstable and decomposes to form water and carbon dioxide,driving the reaction to the right 

  15. No Reaction • If there is no driving force, • Then there is no reaction NaCl + KNO3 No Reaction Na+1 + Cl1 + K+1 + NO31  Na+1 + Cl1 + K+1 + NO31

  16. Synthesis Reaction • Two or more materials combine to form a new compound • A + B  AB • 2 H2 + O2  2 H2O

  17. Materials Combine • Two or more materials combine to form a new compound • 2 H2 + O2  2 H2O Hydrogen is oxidized (Loses electrons) Oxygen is reduced (Gains electrons)

  18. Na + Cl2  N2 + 3 H2  4 Na + O2  4 Fe + 3 O2  2 NaCl 2 NH3  2 Na2O 2 Fe2O3 Synthesis Reactions  Oxidized  Reduced  New Compound

  19. Decomposition Reactions • A compound breaks apart to form two or more new materials • AB  A + B • 2 KClO3  2 KCl + 3 O2

  20. Compounds Break Apart • A compound breaks apart to form two or more new materials • 2 KClO3  2 KCl + 3 O2

  21. H2CO3  NH4OH  H2O  CaCO3  H2SO4  H2O + CO2  H2O + NH3  H2  + O2  CaO + CO2  H2O + SO3  Decomposition Reactions

  22. Combustion Reactions • A hydrocarbon compound combines with oxygen to form CO2 plus H2O • CxHy + O2  CO2 + H2O • C3H8 + 5 O2  3 CO2 + 4 H2O

  23. Green House Gas Burning gasoline gives CO2 and H2O • C7H16 + 11 O2  7 CO2 + 8 H2O

  24. CH4 + 2 O2 2 C2H6 + 7 O2 C3H8 + 5 O2 2 C4H10 + 13 O2 C5H12 + 8 O2 CO2 + 2 H2O 4 CO2 + 6 H2O 3 CO2 + 4 H2O 8 CO2 + 10 H2O 5 CO2 + 6 H2O Combustion Reactions Natural Gas Propane Butane Jet Fuel

  25. Hydrocarbon Vs. Hydrogen Fuel 2 H2 + O2  2 H2O C5H12 + 8 O2  5 CO2 + 6 H2O  Water is the only product  Forms lots of greenhouse gas

  26. The End • This presentation was created for the benefit of our students by the Science Department at Howard High School of Technology • Please send suggestions and comments to rmay@nccvt.k12.de.us

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