Download
1 / 14
140 likes | 299 Views
This chapter discusses the two main types of properties of matter: physical and chemical. Physical properties can be observed without changing the material's identity and include characteristics such as color, shape, size, mass, and temperature. Physical changes, like freezing or boiling, maintain the substance's identity. In contrast, chemical properties indicate how a substance can react, leading to new substances. The Law of Conservation of Mass is also highlighted, emphasizing that mass remains constant during chemical reactions. Illustrative examples and practical separation techniques are provided for better understanding.
E N D
Chapter 15 Section 2 Properties of Matter
Properties of Matter • There are 2 types of properties of matter • Physical properties • Chemical properties
Physical Properties • Physical properties = any characteristics of a material that you can observe without changing the identity of the material • Physical properties can be described by • Appearance • Measurement • Behavior
Appearance • Color • Shape • Size
Measurement • Size • Mass • Volume • Density • Temperature • Melting Point • Boiling Point
Behavior • Magnetic? • Stretchy? • Bendable? • Viscosity? (A fluid’s resistance to flow)
Physical Change • Physical change = Any change in size, shape, or state of matter in which the identity of the substance remains the same • Other examples of physical changes are freezing, boiling, evaporating, or condensing. • The identity of the element or compound does not change.
Using Physical Change To Separate • Cold glass or ice? • Water or hydrogen peroxide? • Distillation – Process that can separate 2 substances in a mixture by evaporating a liquid and recondensing its vapor
Chemical Properties and Changes • Chemical properties = Any characteristics of a substance that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical change • Is it flammable? • Does it rot? • Does it rust? • Chemical change = Change of one substance into a new substance
Chemical Properties and Changes • Clues that a chemical reaction has taken place • Heat was given off • It became cooler • It formed bubbles • It formed a solid • The only sure proof that a chemical change has occurred is that a new substance was produced. • Chemical properties can also be used to separate materials.
Weathering Physical Chemical • Large rocks splitting due to ice formations • Streams cutting through rock to form canyons • Formation of caves in limestone
The Conservation of Mass • When you burn a piece of firewood, do you lose mass? • NO • Law of Conservation of Mass = The mass of all substances present before a chemical change equals the mass of all substances remaining after the change
Using the Law of Conservation of Mass • When a chemical reaction takes place, the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products. • If 18 g of hydrogen react completely with 633 g of chlorine, how many grams of HCl are formed? • H2 + Cl2 = 2HCl • Mass of H2+ mass of Cl2= mass of HCl • 18 g + 633 g = ? g • 651 g of HCl are formed • Complete the 2 practice problems on page 463
Physical Change or Chemical Change? • glass breaking • mixing salt and water • hammering wood together • mixing oil and water • a rusting bicycle • water evaporating • melting butter • cutting grass • separate sand from gravel • burning leaves • bleaching your hair • fireworks exploding • frying an egg • cutting your hair • squeeze oranges for juice • crushing a can • melting ice • boiling water
