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1. Introduction to Sensor Networks

1. Introduction to Sensor Networks. 1997, the Smart Dust vision. 2001, Intel Developers Forum. 800 motes 8-level dynamic network. 2001, 29 Palms Demo. Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensor Networks for Security. Structural Monitoring. Sniper Localization. Environmental Monitoring.

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1. Introduction to Sensor Networks

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  1. 1. Introduction to Sensor Networks Thomas Watteyne @ EDERC 2010

  2. 1997, the Smart Dust vision Thomas Watteyne @ EDERC 2010

  3. 2001, Intel Developers Forum • 800 motes • 8-level dynamic network Thomas Watteyne @ EDERC 2010

  4. 2001, 29 Palms Demo Thomas Watteyne @ EDERC 2010

  5. Wireless Sensor Networks Sensor Networks for Security Structural Monitoring Sniper Localization Environmental Monitoring S. Oh et al, "Tracking and coordination of multiple agents using sensor networks: system design, algorithms and experiments," Proc. of the IEEE, 2007. S. Kim et al, “Health Monitoring of Civil Infrastructures Using Wireless Sensor Networks,” IPSN, Cambridge, MA, April 2007 A. Ledezci, http://www.isis.vanderbilt.edu/projects/countersniper J. Lees et al, “Reventador Volcano 2005: Eruptive Activity Inferred from Seismo-Acoustic Observation”, Jnl, of ofVolcanology and Geothermal Research, 2007 Thomas Watteyne @ EDERC 2010

  6. Automated Meter Reading • Overview • Urban-wide Water Meter Reading • Coronis Systems, Elster group • Deployed since 2005 in Sable-d'Olonne, France • Platform • 25,000 proprietary nodes • Networking • Static routing tree • Parent association done at deployment • 10+ years (<.1% duty cycle) Thomas Watteyne @ EDERC 2010

  7. Industrial Applications Building Automation Smart Grid Applications Industrial Automation Thomas Watteyne @ EDERC 2010

  8. Barriers to Adoption Reliability Standards Ease of use Power consumption Development cycles Node size 0% 20% 20% 60% 80% 100% Thomas Watteyne @ EDERC 2010

  9. Reliability • Reliability is challenged by: • external interference • multi-path fading Thomas Watteyne @ EDERC 2010

  10. First Challenge: External Interference IEEE802.11(Wi-Fi) IEEE802.15.1(Bluetooth) IEEE802.15.4(ZigBee) Thomas Watteyne @ EDERC 2010

  11. First Challenge: External Interference 868 MHz 2.4 GHz 5 GHz 433 MHz IEEE802.11b/g/n IEEE802.11a/n IEEE802.15.4 Thomas Watteyne @ EDERC 2010

  12. First Challenge: External Interference • 45 motes* • 50x50m office environment • 12 million packets exchanged, equaly over all 16 channels *data collected by Jorge Ortiz and David Culler, UCB Publicly available at wsn.eecs.berkeley.edu Thomas Watteyne @ EDERC 2010

  13. Second Challenge: Multipath Fading Thomas Watteyne @ EDERC 2010

  14. Second Challenge: Multipath Fading • Separate sender and receiver by 100cm • Have sender send bursts of 1000 packets • Have receiver count the number of received packets • Move transmitter around in a 20cmx35cm square and start over Thomas Watteyne @ EDERC 2010

  15. Second Challenge: Multipath Fading ch.11 Thomas Watteyne @ EDERC 2010

  16. Second Challenge: Multipath Fading 0% reliability 100% reliability ch.11 ch.12 Thomas Watteyne @ EDERC 2010

  17. Second Challenge: Multipath Fading ch.11 ch.12 ch.19 ch.20 changing channel improves performance ch.13 ch.14 ch.21 ch.22 ch.15 ch.16 ch.23 ch.24 Thomas Watteyne @ EDERC 2010 ch.17 ch.18 ch.25 ch.26

  18. Taking A Real-World Example • Doherty, Lindsay, Simon. “Channel-Specific Wireless Sensor Network Path Data”, ICCCN 2007. • 44 nodes, 26 days Thomas Watteyne @ EDERC 2010

  19. Thomas Watteyne @ EDERC 2010

  20. Thomas Watteyne @ EDERC 2010

  21. Thomas Watteyne @ EDERC 2010

  22. Pathloss RSSI does not give an indication about distance Thomas Watteyne @ EDERC 2010

  23. Stability over all paths, all channels Thomas Watteyne @ EDERC 2010

  24. Stability over all paths, all channels Thomas Watteyne @ EDERC 2010

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