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Changes in Suspended Sediment and Associated Trace Element Concentrations During a Storm Event

Changes in Suspended Sediment and Associated Trace Element Concentrations During a Storm Event. Arkansas River near Portland, Colorado, Downstream from Leadville, 6/29/87. USGS National Field Manual Available in Hard Copy or on the Web at: http://water.usgs.gov/owq/FieldManual/.

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Changes in Suspended Sediment and Associated Trace Element Concentrations During a Storm Event

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  1. Changes in Suspended Sediment and Associated Trace Element Concentrations During a Storm Event Arkansas River near Portland, Colorado, Downstream from Leadville, 6/29/87

  2. USGS National Field Manual Available in Hard Copy or on the Web at:http://water.usgs.gov/owq/FieldManual/

  3. Total Phosphorous Concentration versus DischargeOhio River at Greenup Dam, KY, WY97 - 99

  4. Total Phosphorous Load Estimates: by Sampling Frequency and MethodOhio River at Greenup Dam, KY, WY97 - 99 20% 10% 0% Ratio Estimation Regression -10% Difference in Load Estimate, in percent -20% -30% -40% -50% -60% Monthly+High Quarterly Bimonthly Monthly Sampling

  5. Key Components of Models • Point Sources • Areal Contributions • Ground water • Surface runoff • Atmospheric deposition • Transport Processes • Loss Processes

  6. NADP-National Trends Network USGS Supported Sites Non-USGS Supported Sites

  7. National Atmospheric Deposition Program • Interagency approach to environmental monitoring • Over 100 federal, state and local organizations sponsor sites • The USGS supports: • 73 of the 226 National Trends Network sites • 5 of the 56 Mercury Deposition Network sites Data at http://bqs.usgs.gov/acidrain

  8. Trends in Nitrate in Precipitation 1981-1998

  9. Trends in Ammonium in Precipitation 1981-1998

  10. Key Components of Models • Point Sources • Areal Contributions • Ground water • Surface runoff • Atmospheric deposition • Transport Processes • Loss Processes

  11. Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, PA

  12. NWIS Web site

  13. Daily Discharge ValuesHarrisburg, PA

  14. Streamflow Statistics • USGS regression equations • Large effort by users to determine basin characteristics accurately – need to make it efficient • Prototype system: Massachusetts Streamstats

  15. Regression Equations • Regression equations take the form:Q100 = 0.471A0.715E0.827SH0.472 • Drainage area is used in nearly all equations • Other common variables include: • Basin slope, relief, or mean elevation • Precipitation (mean annual; 2-year, 24-hour) • Stream length or slope • Land use (forest, wetland, impervious, water) • Basin shape or orientation • Soils or surficial geology

  16. Site Selection for Low-Flow Analysis

  17. Example Output for Ungaged Sites

  18. Example Output for Ungaged Sites, cont’d

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