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The U.S. Higher Education Landscape: Equity Lens Applied

This article examines the enrollment status and retention rates of Hispanic students in U.S. higher education, with a focus on community colleges in California. The data indicates the need for an equity lens to ensure equal opportunities and success for Hispanic students in higher education.

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The U.S. Higher Education Landscape: Equity Lens Applied

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  1. The U.S. Higher Education Landscape: Equity Lens Applied May 2016

  2. One in every six people in the U.S. is of Hispanic origin. Source: Pew Research Center tabulations of 2014 American Community Survey (1% IPUMS)

  3. Almost one in every five Hispanics has attained Bachelor's degree or more. Source: Pew Research Center tabulations of 2014 American Community Survey (1% IPUMS)

  4. Type of College and Enrollment Status • Across all Postsecondary Institutions in U.S. about 1 in 6 students is Hispanic • Two-year college: 1 in 4 Hispanic • Four-year college: Less than 1 in 7 Hispanic • Graduate School: 1 in 10 Hispanic • For every Ten Hispanic students in U.S. Higher Education: • Four will be at a Two-year college (38.73%) • Five will be at a Four-year college (50.44%) • One will be at a Graduate school (10.80%) Source: http://www.census.gov/hhes/school/data/cps/2014/tables.html October 2014

  5. California Postsecondary Institutions: Percentage of Hispanic Students • High percentage of Hispanic students enroll in California Community Colleges. Source: The State of Higher Education in California: The Latino Report (April 2015) http://collegecampaign.org/our-publications/

  6. California Community Colleges Student Enrollment Status Summary Report • The largest system of higher education in the U.S. • One in every five community college students in the country attends a community college in California. • Three out of 10 college-age (18-24) Californians are currently enrolled in a community college. • Two in every three community college students are people of diverse ethnic backgrounds (mostly Hispanics). http://californiacommunitycolleges.cccco.edu/PolicyInAction/KeyFacts.aspx

  7. COS Student Enrollment Status Summary Report • Hispanic Enrollment has nearly doubled between Fall 1995 and Fall 2015. The largest increase occurred between Fall 2008 and Fall 2009 (+6%). The White student population has also decreased by nearly half between Fall 1995 and Fall 2015. • Reporting standards for Hispanic students changed in Fall 2009. Reporting data for Multi-Ethnicity students became available in Fall 2009 and the percentage of Unknown students decreased from Fall 2008 to Fall 2009 (-7%), which may be a result of the Hispanic reporting changes that began in Fall 2009. The White student population has also decreased by nearly half between Fall 1995 and Fall 2015.

  8. California Community Colleges Course Retention Rates Summary Report • Retention rates increased statewide for all races/ethnicities. • African American students have the lowest retention.

  9. COS Course Retention Rates Summary Report • All racial/ethnic groups are performing Almost at Equity or At or Above Equity. All groups remained in the same performance category from Fall 1995 to Fall 2015, except for Asian students. Asian students moved up one category from Almost at Equity to Above or At Equity in 2015.

  10. California Community Colleges Course Success Rates Summary Report • Success rates increased statewide for all races/ethnicities. Retention rates are higher than success rates for all groups. • African American students have the lowest retention and success rates.

  11. COS Course Success Rates Summary Report • Nearly all racial/ethnic groups are performing Almost at Equity or At or AboveEquity and remained in the same performance category. Three groups changed performance categories. African American students moved up from Below Equity to Almost at Equity. American Indian/Alaskan Native students moved down from Almost at Equity to Below Equity. Pacific Islander students moved up from Below Equity to Almost at Equity.

  12. California Community Colleges Transfer Rates Summary Report Transfer Velocity Cohort: is calculated by evaluating all first time freshmen six years after their entry. Those students who have completed twelve credit units and attempted a transfer level math or English course are included in the Transfer Velocity Cohort. Transfer rates for years three, four, and five are retrospective and cannot be reported until the cohort is finalized at the completion of the sixth year after initial enrollment. Students with multiple college enrollments are reported as members of the Transfer Velocity Cohort for each college attended. • Statewide transfer rates for Hispanic students remain around 30%. (Source: DataMart)

  13. cos Transfer Velocity Cohort: is calculated by evaluating all first time freshmen six years after their entry. Those students who have completed twelve credit units and attempted a transfer level math or English course are included in the Transfer Velocity Cohort. Transfer rates for years three, four, and five are retrospective and cannot be reported until the cohort is finalized at the completion of the sixth year after initial enrollment. Students with multiple college enrollments are reported as members of the Transfer Velocity Cohort for each college attended. • COS transfer rates for Hispanic students remain around 30%.

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