1 / 21

Study Guide

Study Guide . Language Arts Test Prep . LITERARY TERMS. Theme – the deep meaning or insight gained from a passage or selection (life lessons). Conflict – The problem in a story. Foreshadowing – Hints the author gives the reader so that he/she can make predictions.

toki
Download Presentation

Study Guide

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Study Guide Language Arts Test Prep

  2. LITERARY TERMS • Theme – the deep meaning or insight gained from a passage or selection (life lessons). • Conflict – The problem in a story. • Foreshadowing – Hints the author gives the reader so that he/she can make predictions. • Character - a person, animal or thing that takes part in a story. • Dynamic character – Characters who change significantly throughout the story. • Static character – Characters who stay the same throughout the story.

  3. Literary Terms • Tone – The writer’s attitude about the subject; think of the voice of the story (amused or angry). • Mood – The feeling the story evokes in the reader (happiness, sorrow, anger) • Irrelevant – Not Important • Extraneous – Extra, Unimportant

  4. Author’s purpose • To Persuade – To use convincing strategies / techniques to try to get someone to agree or see that your view is worth considering. • To Inform – To give information or news. • To Entertain – To humor or enlighten. • To Explain – To discuss how something works or how to do something. • To Teach – To gives directions on how to do something. • To Describe – To give a picture with words of a person, place, event, or item.

  5. Reader’s Purpose • There are many reasons you might have for reading the selection. • You might want to gain information, learn something, understand a difficult subject, be entertained, etc.

  6. Figurative language • Onomatopoeia – Sound words (buzz, bang, boom, ding, zoom) • Simile – Using “like or as” to compare two things. • Personification – Giving nonhuman things HUMAN traits. • Hyperbole – An exaggerated expression. • Alliteration – Repetition of the same sound or letter within a line. • Imagery – Addresses the senses of a reader. • Idiom – A group of words that have meaning when used together. Cannot be taken literally. • Symbolism – Objects that stand for something else.

  7. Organizational Structures • The way a text is organized: • Chronological Order – The order in which events occur (first, next, finally). • Order of importance: organized with the most important facts/information first followed by the least important. • Comparison and Contrast – Shows how two or more things (subjects) are alike and different (signal words . • Signal words – Comparison : like, also, too, all • Contrast: different, unlike, however

  8. Organizational Structures • Cause and Effect – Describes an event or condition that causes other things to happen • Signal words – Cause: so, therefore, as a result, • Effect: because, since, as a result • Problem and Solution – Describes a current problem and proposes a solution, or show how a past problem was solved. • Question and Answer – Asks a question and proposes or provides an answer. • Spatial Order – Puts things in order based on their location. • Classification – Writer groups similar things.

  9. Plot Diagram • Exposition – Introduces the characters, setting, and tone of a story. • Rising Action – The part of the story that introduces the conflict. • Climax – “Turning Point” or highest anticipation point of a story • Falling Action – The story is headed towards a solution. • Resolution – The major conflict in the story is resolved.

  10. Types of Fiction (Genre) • Genre is the name used to identify different types of literature. • Realistic fiction – stories with situations that can happen in real life. • Historic fiction – stories that take place during past historical times. • Mystery – stories involving suspense, danger and intrigue. • Fantasy – imaginative stories, characters and settings are different from real world, often dealing with magic, battles of good vs. evil. • Folktales – Traditional stories that revel the values and beliefs of a culture.

  11. Context clues • The different ways authors help readers figure out unfamiliar words. • The clues are usually found around the word as a definition, explanation, example, synonym or antonym.

  12. Affixes • Common Prefixes • Ambi- both (ambidextrous, ambiguous) • Anti- against (antibody, antifreeze) • Dis-the opposite of, not (disappear, disagree) • Il- against, not (illiterate, illegal) • In- not, into (incorrect, inject) • Mis-badly, wrong, not (misprint, misjudge) • Non-the opposite of, not ( nonsense, nonrefundable) • Pre-in front of, before (preheat, prejudge) • Un-the opposite of, not (unlikely, unheard)

  13. Affixes • Common Suffixes • -able: able to be or to become something (avoidable, lovable) • -al: of, like, or relating to (memorial, industrial) • -en: to make more so; made of s(strengthen, wooden) • -ful: having a lot of (beautiful, fearful) • -ity: having or being a certain way (agility, fertility) • -less: without something (odorless, spineless) • -ly: in such a manner; like or suited to: occurring every so often (heavenly ,quickly ,weekly ) • -ness: the state of being something (preparedness, goodness) • -ous: full of or having something (adventurous, famous) • -tion; act of, state of, result of (regulation, dehydration)

  14. Nouns • Singular = man, girl, party • Plural = men, girls, parties • Collective Nouns = group, chorus, herd • Common Nouns = school, park, museum • Proper Nouns = Conyers Middle School, Centennial Park, The High Museum • Abstract Nouns (Ideas) = love, beauty, wisdom, home, courage, intellect • Concrete Nouns (touchable) = house, book, lady, table, desk, phone, stove

  15. Adjectives / Adverbs • Adjectives describe and modify nouns and pronouns. • Tells what kind? How many? Which one? • Articles (a, an, the) are adjectives ! • Adverbs modify adjectives (really cute), verbs (extremely fast), and other adverbs (very easily). • Tells how? When? Where? To what extent? • NOT is always an adverb.

  16. Pronouns • Pronouns take the place of a noun. An antecedent is the noun that the pronoun replaces. • Types of pronouns: • Personal pronouns (subject) – I, he, she, they, we, you, it • Personal pronouns (object) – me, him, her, them, us, you, it • Possessive pronouns – his, her, yours, theirs, ours, its • Demonstrative pronouns – this, that, these, and those • Interrogative pronouns – what, which, who, whom • Reflexive- herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself, yourself

  17. Conjunctions • Subordinate • Used to join complex sentences • After, although, as, as if, as long as, because, before, even if, even though, if, since, so that, though, unless, when, whenever, whether, while • Coordinate (FANBOYS) • Used to join compound sentences • For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

  18. Subject Compliments • Direct Object – Comes after an action verb and answers “what” or “who.” • Indirect Object – Comes in between the action verb and direct object and answers “to/for whom” or “to what” • Predicate Noun- The noun in the predicate that “renames” the simple subject. • Predicate Adjective – The adjective in the predicate that “describes” the simple subject. • NOTE: NONE OF THESE WILL EVER BE IN A PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE!

  19. Sentence Types • Simple = One independent clause. • Compound = Two independent clauses joined by a semi-colon or a comma and a coordinating conjunction. • Complex = One independent clause and one dependent clause joined by a subordinate conjunction. The subordinate conjunction always begins the dependent clause. • Compound Complex = Two independent clauses and one dependent clause.

  20. Sentence Kinds • Declarative – Makes a statement • The musical begins at 9:00. • Interrogative – Asks a question • Does the musical begin at 9:00? • Imperative – Gives a command • Start the musical at 9:00. • Exclamatory – Shows strong expression • Wow! That was the best musical!

  21. Test Taking tips • Examine key words (KNOW YOUR VOCABULARY) • Pay attention to signal words in a passage (first, next, finally, similar) • Try to answer the question without looking at answer choices. • Immediately eliminate two incorrect answers.

More Related