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Study Guide

Study Guide. 1. What is transmutation?. Where one element turns into another element through radioactive decay. 2. The atomic number refers to_______________. The number of protons. 3. What is an alpha particle?.

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Study Guide

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  1. Study Guide

  2. 1. What is transmutation? • Where one element turns into another element through radioactive decay.

  3. 2. The atomic number refers to_______________. • The number of protons

  4. 3. What is an alpha particle? • A particle that consists of two protons and two neutrons that is released during nuclear decay.

  5. 4. Explain John Dalton’s model of the atom. Draw it. • Like a marble, the same throughout

  6. 5. What did Rutherford find out about the atom in terms of “space”? • It was mostly empty space.

  7. 6. What does the word “atom” mean? • Unable to be divided

  8. 7. What is a beta particle? • A high energy electron released during nuclear decay • The neutron splits to form a proton and an electron during decay.

  9. 8. What holds the particles together in the nucleus? • Strong nuclear force

  10. 9. What charge does each particle have: protons, neutrons and electrons? • Positive • Neutral • Negative

  11. 10. What is half-life? • The time that it takes for half of a radioactive element to decay.

  12. 11. What did William Crookes find out from his cathode ray experiment? • He hypothesized that the greenish glow from the tube came from a stream of particles.

  13. 12. What is an isotope? • Atoms of the same element with the same number of p+, but with different numbers of n0.

  14. 13. What did the particles do in Rutherford’s gold foil experiment? • Some went through, but most were reflected and bounced back.

  15. 14. What is an element? • Matter made of atoms of only one kind

  16. 15. What is the mass number? • The number of protons + neutrons

  17. 16. Scientists use _____________ to tell how old a material is. • Carbon-14 dating

  18. 17. What is an anode? • A positively charged piece of metal that conducts electricity.

  19. 18. What is radioactive decay? • The releasing of atomic particles and energy from the nucleus.

  20. 19. Describe Thomson’s model of the atom. Draw it. • A ball of clay (protons) with ball bearings (electrons) OR Chocolate Chip cookie

  21. 20. Where can you find protons in an atom?_________neutrons?_____________electrons?__ • Protons and neutrons = nucleus • Electrons = orbital's or electron cloud

  22. What is a cathode? • A negatively charged piece of metal that conducts electricity

  23. 21. Draw a Bohr Model for Iron • Symbol: Fe 26 p+ 30 no 2e 8e 16 e

  24. 22. Draw a Bohr Model for Silicon • Symbol: Si 14 p+ 14 no 2e 8e 4e

  25. 23. Draw a Bohr Model for Manganese • Symbol: Mn 25 p+ 30 no 2e 8e 15 e

  26. 24. Draw a Bohr Model for Titanium • Symbol: Ti 22 p+ 26 no 2e 8e 12e

  27. 25. Americium-243 has a half life of 7,380 years. How much of a 144g sample will remain after 36,900 years? • 36,900/7,390 = 5 h.l.’s = 1/32 • 144/32 = 4.50 g

  28. 26. Bismuth-210 has a half-life of 5.01 days. How much of a 658 g sample will be left after 20 days? • 20/5.01 = 4 h.l.’s = 1/16 • 658/16 = 41 g

  29. 27. Beryllium-7 has a half-life of 53.4 days. How long will it take a 360.0 g sample to decay to 11.25 g? • 11.25/360.0 = 0.031 = 1/32 = 5 h.l’s • 5 x 53.4 = 267 days

  30. 28. The half-life of argon-41 is 1.83 hours. How long will it take a 260 g sample to decay to 65g? • 65/260 = 0.25 = ¼ = 2 h.l’s • 2 x 1.83 = 3.7 hours

  31. 29. If the half-life of antimony-126 is 19.0 minutes, how long will it take a 50.00 g sample to decay to 12.5g? • 12.5/50 = 0.25 = ¼ = 2 h.l.’s • 2 x 19 minutes = 38.0 minutes

  32. 30. A 208g sample of Barium-139 decays to 13.0g in 330 minutes. What is the half life of this radioactive isotope? • 13/208 = 0.0625 = 1/16 = 4 h.l.’s • 330/4 = 83 minutes

  33. 31. The half-life of carbon-11 is shorter than carbon-14. If a 400g sample decays to 100 g in 40.8 minutes, what is its half life? • 100/400 = ¼ = 2 h.l.’s • 40.8/2 = 20 minutes

  34. 32. What is the half-life of a 100 g sample of Chromium-51 that decays to 6.25g in 110.8 days? • 6.25/100 = 0.0625 = 1/16 = 4 h.l.’s • 110/4 = 30 days

  35. Draw a Bohr Model for Gallium: • Symbol: Ga • 1st = 2 • 2nd = 8 • 3rd = 18 • 4th = 3 2 e 31 p+ 39 no

  36. Draw a Bohr Model for Bromine: • Symbol: Br • 1st = 2 • 2nd = 8 • 3rd = 18 • 4th = 7 35 p+ 45 no

  37. Draw a Bohr Model Germanium: • Symbol: Ge • 1st = 2 • 2nd = 8 • 3rd = 18 • 4th = 4 32 p+ 41 no

  38. Draw a Bohr Model for Calcium: • Symbol: Ca • 1st = 2 • 2nd = 8 • 3rd = 10 20 p+ 40 no

  39. Draw a Bohr Model for Strontium: • Symbol: Sr • 1st = 2 • 2nd = 8 • 3rd = 18 • 4th = 10 38 p+ 50 no

  40. ANY QUESTIONS? Ask now before the test tomorrow!

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