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Exploring Density: Properties and Calculations

Discover the concept of density and how it applies to solids, liquids, and gases. Learn to determine density and its relationship to mass and volume. Explore properties of solids, physical and chemical changes, and solve density calculation problems.

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Exploring Density: Properties and Calculations

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  1. 10.1 Density • Density describes how much mass is in a given volume of a material.

  2. 10.1 Density • Solids, liquids and gases are matter, so they all have density. • The density of water is about one gram per cubic centimeter.

  3. 10.1 Density • The units used for density depend on whether the substance is solid or liquid. • For liquids use units of grams per milliliter (g/mL) • For solids use density in units of g/cm3 or kg/m3.

  4. 10.1 Density of common materials • Density is a property of material independent of quantity or shape.

  5. 10.1 Density of common materials • Liquids tend to be less dense than solids of the same material. • Ex. solder

  6. 10.1 Density of common materials • Water is an exception to this rule. • The density of solid water (ice) is less than the density of liquid water.

  7. 10.1 Determining Density • To find the density of a material, you need to know the mass and volume of a solid sample of the material. • Mass is measured with a balance or scale. • Use the displacement method or calculate the volume.

  8. 10.1 Density Density changes for different substances because: • Atoms have different masses. • Atoms may be “packed” tightly or loosely.

  9. Solving Problems A solid wax candle has a volume of 1,700 mL. The candle has a mass of 1.5 kg (1,500 g). What is the density of the candle?

  10. Solving Problems Calculating Density • Looking for: • …the density of the candle • Given: • …mass = 1500 g; volume = 1700 mL • Relationship: • D = m/V • Solution: • 1,500 g ÷ 1,700 mL = 0.8823529 g/mL # Sig. fig = .88 g/mL

  11. 10.2 Properties of Solids • Different kinds of matter have different characteristics. • Characteristics that can you observe directly are called physical properties. • Physical properties include color, texture, density, brittleness, and state (solid, liquid, or gas). Ex. Iron is solid at room temp.

  12. 10.2 Properties of Solids • A physical changeis any change in the size, shape, or phase of matter in which the identity of a substance does not change. • For example, when water is frozen, it changes from a liquid to a solid.

  13. 10.2 Properties of Solids • Properties that can only be observed when one substance changes into a different substance are called chemical properties. • Any change that transforms one substance into a different substance is called a chemical change. Iron reacts with oxygen to form iron oxide. Ex. If you leave a nail outside, it rusts.

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