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Keystone Species

Keystone Species. Questions and Answers. 1. Make a list of the organisms in the article dealing with wolves. Wolves -jays -deer Grizzley -magpies -rodents Wolverines -martins -insects Bald Eagles -black bear -fungi Gold Eagles -coyotes -bacteria Ravens -foxes -elk

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Keystone Species

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  1. Keystone Species Questions and Answers

  2. 1. Make a list of the organisms in the article dealing with wolves. • Wolves -jays -deer • Grizzley -magpies -rodents • Wolverines -martins -insects • Bald Eagles -black bear -fungi • Gold Eagles -coyotes -bacteria • Ravens -foxes -elk • Mt. Lions -hares -beaver • Otter -moose -ducks • Mink -wading birds -songbirds • Fish -frogs -grass • Willow -Aspen -cottonwood

  3. 2. Make a list of some species interactions. • Predator-Prey: wolves and elk, coyotes and mice • Interspecific comp: wolves and mt lions, moose and beaver • Intraspecific comp: mice with mice, wolves with wolves • Mutualism: beaver and willow • Commensalism: magpies and wolves

  4. 3. Food Web from list

  5. 4. What is a Trophic Cascade?

  6. A Trophic cascade is when a predator has an indirect effect (either increase or reduction) on a non-prey item at a lower trophic level. • Example: the predator (bird) has a positive effect on the basal species (plant) via reduction in the abundance of the herbivore (caterpillar).

  7. 5. How is the starfish a keystone species?

  8. 6. Are keystone species always predators?

  9. They help to maintain suitable habitats for many other species in savanna and forest ecosystems. • directly influence forest composition and density • In tropical forests, elephants create clearings and gaps in the canopy that encourage tree regeneration. • In the savannas, they can reduce bush cover to create an environment favorable to a mix of browsing and grazing animals. • Many plant species also have evolved seeds that are dependent on passing through an elephant's digestive tract before they can germinate; it is calculated that at least a third of tree species in west African forests rely on elephants in this way for distribution of their future generations.

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