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Jeffersonian Democracy

Jeffersonian Democracy. Period 4 1800-1848. Think About It. To what extent did Jefferson’s administration and ideology maintain continuity and foster change in American politics and economics from 1787 to 1812?. Thomas Jefferson (D-R) (1801-1809). Plantation and slave owner from Virginia

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Jeffersonian Democracy

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  1. Jeffersonian Democracy Period 4 1800-1848

  2. Think About It • To what extent did Jefferson’s administration and ideology maintain continuity and foster change in American politics and economics from 1787 to 1812?

  3. Thomas Jefferson (D-R) (1801-1809) • Plantation and slave owner from Virginia • Statesman • Declaration of Independence • Governor • Minister to France • Secretary of State • Vice-President • President • Democratic-Republican • Founded the party in opposition to Alexander Hamilton’s Federalists • Kentucky Resolution • Inaugural Address • “Every difference of opinion is not a difference of principle... We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.” • “Renaissance Man” • Inventor, philosopher, architect, scientist

  4. What Jeffersonian Democracy? • Republicanism and Civic Virtue • Civic duty • Voting and efficacy • Right to education • Natural Elites • Resist corruption • Federalism and States’ Rights • Ultimate sovereignty in the states and nullification • Strict constitutionalist • Dominant legislature, weak judiciary • Economic coercion over standing armies • Yeoman Farmers as Ideal Citizens • Educated landowners exemplified independence and virtue • Agriculture Over Manufacture/Industry • Responsibility of subsistence • Dependence led to class conflict • Empire of Liberty and Foreign Policy • America’s responsibility to spread democracy • Avoid entangling alliances • Society • Republican motherhood; absent from politics • Natives capable, just need to catch up (noble savages) • Black inferiority and white superiority • Separation of Church and State

  5. First Political Party System (1789-1824) • Federalists • National policies • Strong central government • Loose constructionists • Commerce and manufacturing • Urban • The rich, the well-born, the able; merchants, bankers • Pro-British • Northeast • Democratic-Republicans • States rights • Strong local/state governments • Strict constructionists • Agricultural • Rural • Small farmers, plantation owners, artisans • Anti-British • West and South Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson

  6. Jefferson and the Federal Judiciary • Midnight Judges • Judiciary Act of 1801 • Adams (F) last minute federal judicial appointments • Marbury v. Madison (1803) • Judicial review • “It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is.” – Chief Justice John Marshall

  7. Jefferson and the Louisiana Purchase (1803) • Napoleon’s Plans • Jefferson’s Plan • Brokered a deal for $15 million • Doubles the size of the United States • Federalist opposition • Lewis and Clark Expedition

  8. Jefferson and the Barbary/Tripoli Pirates • Washington and Adams • Paid bribes to Barbary states to avoid piracy • Jefferson • Barbary states increase bribes • U.S. Navy and Marines dispatched • Treaty reached in American favor

  9. Jefferson and the Embargo Act • Napoleonic Wars • Britain vs France • British and French impressment of Americans • HMS Leopard and USS Chesapeake • Embargo Act of 1807 • Prohibited vessels from leaving American ports for foreign ports • Economic impact on Americans

  10. Election of 1808 • James Madison (D-R) • Charles Pinckney (F) • Federalists gained congressional seats

  11. James Madison (D-R) (1809-1817) • Napoleonic Wars • Impressment continues • Non-intercourse Act of 1809 • Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810) • Western Frontier • Alleged British influence on Natives • Native wars • War of 1812

  12. Causes of the War of 1812 • United States vs. Great Britain • British impressment • Alleged British influence in the western frontier • War Hawks in Congress • John C. Calhoun • Henry Clay • Opposition to War • Federalists • Old guard Dem-Reps • New England and merchants

  13. War of 1812 - British Invasion • Chesapeake Campaign • Invasion of Washington D.C. • Burning of the White House • Fort McHenry and Baltimore • Star-Spangled Banner and Francis Scott Key

  14. War of 1812 - Battles with Frontier Natives • Tecumseh’s War • Battle of Tippecanoe (1811) • Battle of the Thames (1813) • Creek War • Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814)

  15. War of 1812 - End of the War • End of Napoleonic Wars • Treaty of Ghent (December 1814) • Battle of New Orleans (January 1815)

  16. Hartford Convention (1814) • Platform • Federal economic assistance for New England • 2/3 congressional majority for embargoes, state admission, and declaration of war • Rescind the Three-Fifths Compromise • One-term president and no same-state successor • Talk of secession by radicals • After War of 1812 • Perceived as traitors • Effectively weakened as a national party

  17. War of 1812’s Impact • Growth of nationalism • Ushered in an “Era of Good Feelings” • Domestic industrial and manufacturing development • Emphasis on national infrastructure • Promotion of professional military • International respect • Natives significantly weakened • Increased drive to expand west

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