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Understanding Levers and Pulleys: Simple Machines Explanation

Learn about the mechanics of levers, including classes and examples, and explore the functionality of pulleys. Discover ideal mechanical advantage and how these simple machines can make work easier. Engage with hands-on activities and worksheets.

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Understanding Levers and Pulleys: Simple Machines Explanation

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  1. Do Now 3/3/2014 • Take 4 sheets from back table • Homework – Simple Machine worksheet • Test Thursday

  2. Simple Machines

  3. Levers • A lever is a rigid bar that is free to pivot, or rotate, about a fixed point. • The fixed point that a lever pivots around is called the fulcrum.

  4. Ideal Mechanical Advantage of a lever • I.M.A= Distance from fulcrum to input force Distance from fulcrum to output force

  5. Input force Output force First Class Lever

  6. FIRST CLASS LEVERS • The Fulcrum (fixed pivot point) is located between the Input and the Output Forces.  A SEESAW. • The Input and the Output Forces move in opposite directions.  The Input Down in order to Lift the Load. • When the Fulcrum is closer to the Input than to the Output, there is a Loss in Force but a Gain in Speed and Distance.

  7. FIRST CLASS LEVERS • When the Fulcrum is closer to the Output than to the Input, there is a Loss in Speed and Distance, but a Gain in Force. • When the fulcrum is Midway between the Input and the Output, there is no change in Force, Speed or Distance. • Samples of First Class Levers – Seesaw, Crowbars, Scissors, and Claw Hammers.

  8. Output force Input force Second Class Lever

  9. SECOND CLASS LEVERS • The Output Force is between the Input Force and the Fulcrum. • The Fulcrum is at one End of the Lever. • The Fulcrum is usually closer to the Output Force, (load).

  10. SECOND CLASS LEVERS • Second Class Levers produce a gain in Force. • Samples of Second Class Levers – Wheelbarrow, Bottle Openers, and NutCrackers.

  11. Third Class Lever Input force Output force

  12. Third Class Lever Output force Input force Input force Output force

  13. THIRD CLASS LEVERS • The Input Force is Between the Output force and the Fulcrum. • Samples of Third Class Levers – Broom, Shovel, Fishing Pole, Baseball Bat, and Tongs.

  14. Pulley • A grooved wheel with a rope (or a chain, or even steel cable) wrapped around it. • You can change the direction and the amount of your input force.

  15. Fixed Pulley • A pulley that you attach to a structure. • Changes the direction of the input force. • Does not change the amount of force you apply. • Ideal Mechanical Advantage = 1 1

  16. 1

  17. 10N

  18. Movable Pulleys • If you attach a pulley to the object that you wish to move. • I.M.A= 2 • The output force is 2 times the input force you exert on the rope. • You must exert your force over a greater distance.

  19. 1 2

  20. Pulley System • The ideal mechanical advantage of a pulley system is equal to the number of sections of rope that support the object.

  21. 3 1 1 2 2

  22. 10N

  23. 10N

  24. 10N

  25. 10N

  26. A b c Efficiency?

  27. c b A

  28. A b

  29. A b

  30. Gears • Two or more wheels linked together by interlocking teeth.

  31. Compound Machine • A machine that utilizes two or more simple machines.

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