PARTS OF SPEECH

1. PARTS OF SPEECH L150

2. 8 PARTS OF SPEECH • NOUNS • PRONOUNS • VERBS • ADJECTIVES • ADVERBS • CONJUNCTIONS • INTERJECTIONS • PREPOSITIONS

3. NOUNS • Name something: person, place, thing (something you can see or hold) book, racetrack, building, sunset • Ideas are also NOUNS: happiness, knowledge, hope, prayer

4. PRONOUNS • Takes the place of a noun or a group of nouns • He, She, You, They, It, We, Her, Them, Him, Our, Ours, Their, Theirs, Your, Yours, Ourselves, Himself, Both, Few, Neither, None, All

5. ADJECTIVES • Describes nouns and pronouns • Can be proper (begin with a capital letter) • Strong, new, beautiful, Italian, Hispanic, Quick

6. PRACTICE • Music filled the room. • Cullen played the old violin confidently. • The hours she spent practicing paid off. • The delighted audience showed Connie their appreciation. • Everyone truly enjoyed the evening.

7. VERB • Expresses action or state of being • Action verbs: go, laugh, spend, work • Linking verbs: is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been, grow, remain, seem, taste, look, smell, appear • Helping verbs: must, might, do, could, should, would

8. ADVERB • Describes verbs, adverbs, adjectives • How, When, Where, To What Degree, How Much • Very, carefully, slowly, too

9. PRACTICE • Music filled the room. • Cullen played the old violin confidently. • The hours she spent practicing paid off. • The delighted audience showed Connie their appreciation. • Everyone truly enjoyed the evening.

10. CONJUNCTION • Joins single words or groups of words • Coordinating: FANBOYS (For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So) • Correlative: Neither…nor, Either…or, Not only…But also • Subordinate: Because, While, When, After, Although, If • Examples: Ronnisha and Makayla lost their phones. Neither my cousins nor their parents arrived. You should not only study but also practice. Because of the rain, the game was cancelled.

11. INTERJECTION • Word or Phrase that expresses emotion • Wow, Stop, Oh, Ouch • Examples: You won the prize? Wow! Stop! That car was about to hit you.

12. PRACTICE • Jamie speaks English but not Spanish. • He is in class at school learning English. • Jamie studies in the library with two other students. • They enjoy football, soccer, and hockey. • Ms. Lietz said, “Shh! Be quiet.”

13. PREPOSITION • Shows relationship of a noun or pronoun to something else in the sentence. • Think the squirrel and the tree • Under, below, above, near, around, into, to, beyond, in, out, up, down, with, • From, during,

14. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE • Prepositions never sit alone-always in a phrase • Around the corner, near the monkey, with my uncle • Through the pain, up the ladder, like a bee, on the bench • With her, from her sister, between you and me • Notice nouns or pronouns always end prepositional phrases

15. PRACTICE • During the class, Ashlyn took notes. • She dreamed of relaxing beneath a shady tree. • Saturday would be a good day for a picnic. • DeAndre thought about hitting the wall, but he decided not to.

16. PREDICATIVE NOMINATIVES • A noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and renames the subject • Example: My friend became a writer. Anna’s neighbors are Rheon and she. Mr. Dixon and Mr. Plattenburg are neighbors. The person to call is he. They were classmates in school.

17. APPOSITIVES • Noun or pronoun that gives extra information • Example: I take my dog Kong to the vet every Sunday. • The noun is Dog……The appositive is Kong (more information) • Example: DeMarcus live on Hope Drive, a street that has several traffic circles. • Hope Drive is the noun.....The appositive is a street that has several traffic circles.

18. APPOSITIVES • Lightening struck this tree, an old shady oak. • His brother Earl will take us to the mall. • I like to visit New Orleans, a historical Southern city, during Mardi Gras. • A blind poet and storyteller, Homer, wrote the Iliad and The Odyssey. • Arthur’s children, my spirited nephews, visit me in May.

19. DIRECT OBJECTIVES • Answers the question who or what after the action verb. • Justin planted tomatoes. Planted what? Practice • Ms. Rivers picked Christian for the award. • Brianna changed the flat tire. • Roddarius phoned Artezia about the party. • Each week, they study math and science together. • Mrs. Lietz and Mr. Dixon value education.

20. INDIRECT OBJECTIVES • A noun or a pronoun that answers the question to whom? For whom? To what? or for what? • Example: Henisha baked a cake for Sam’s birthday. • What did she bake? • For whom? • Example: The victory brought the school great pride. The victory brought what? To whom?

21. PRACTICE D.O/I.O. • Andre cooked his girlfriend spaghetti. • Alexus brought lunch for me. • Parents ask teenagers questions. • Tyvez read his little sister a story about the zoo. • Cullen gave his mother a birthday card.

22. PARTICIPLES • Ends in –ing, -d, -n, or -ed • Functions as an adjective • Present and past • Example: The freezing rain chilled us to the bone. • The subject is rain….describe the rain…..freezing • Example: I could not eat the burned popcorn. • The direct object is popcorn….describe it….burned • Example: A frozen lake is a great place to ice skate.

23. PARTICIPLE PHRASE • A phrase that includes the participle and all the words that relate the participle • Example: Fine cotton material used for bed linens comes from Egypt. The subject: Verb: Now find the participle Tricky?

24. PARTICIPLE PHRASE • Opening the door, he was surprised to hear “Happy Birthday!” • Notice the phrase set off by the comma • Who opened the door? • Sobbing, Kendricka opened the door. • The forgotten student sat on the steps. • Closing the book, Anthony rubbed his eyes. • The demand for imported goods is growing in our country.

25. GERUND • Ends in –ing • Used as a noun • Examples: Reading is my hobby. I was reading my book. (verb) Reading is a gerund …Reading is my hobby….reading is a noun Example: She gives hiking serious attention. Our past time, hiking, is so much fun.

26. GERUND PHRASE • Includes the gerund and all the words related to the gerund • Still acts as an noun • Example: • Students are responsible for doing their homework. • Doing their homework is a gerund….what is its function? • Try this one: Shopping in the mall makes Robert happy. • What’s the gerund? What is it’s function? • Subject? Verb? Preposition? Object of the preposition?

27. PRACTICE • Montreal’s favorite activities are hiking and surfing. • Working well with others is important in my class. • Many people work hard at improving their skills. • They put doing a good job first every workday. • Mr. Coleman is addressing the problem by calling for a vote. Be careful 6. Taking a computer class, Ronnisha learned new skills. 7. Ronnisha thought about taking a computer class.

28. SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS • Joins 2 clauses or ideas • When, If , Before, While, After, During, Although, Because, Where, Until, Unless, Though, Than • Examples: Deshawn locked himself out when he closed the door. Step 1: find he S.C. (subordinating conjunction) Step 2: find the clause If you bring the chips, I will bring the dip.

29. PRACTICE • We cheered when the flag was raised. • After all of the fighting, they still didn’t break up. • We went to the site while we were visiting. • If I return next year, I will not go to Robert’s house. • When you wake up, you may have cereal. • I will go to the Foot Locker while you go to Forever XXI.