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Learn about enzymes, catalysts that speed up reactions by lowering activation energy, and Lysosomes, organelles containing enzymes that break down cellular waste. Explore how enzymes work like locks and keys, and the vital role they play in maintaining homeostasis.
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Overview • Chemical RxN – process where chemical bonds between atoms are broken or formed to produce one or more different substances. NaCl Na+ + Cl- Reactants Products • Starting a chemical rxn requires activation energy. • Activation energy – energy needed to start a chemical rxn. ( a chemical push)
What are Enzymes? • Enzymes are substances called catalysts that speed up chemical rxns by decreasing the activation energy of the rxns. • Enzymes are mostly proteins. • Help maintain homeostasis as rxn in living things would not occur quickly enough to sustain life. • Enzymes usually end in ASE, like Kinase • Products will tell you what substrate enzyme worked on.
How do Enzymes work? • Enzymes work like a lock and key. That is, only an enzyme of a specific shape can fit the reactants of the reaction that it is catalyzing. • The reactant an enzyme works on is called a substrate. • The substrate binds to the active site to make the enzyme active. • Factors such as temperature, and pH affect enzyme activity.
A enzyme & substrate fit like a lock & key (shape specific) and like a hand in a glove – “induced fit” Active site is where the reactants bind to the enzyme
Lysosomes • organelles containing enzymes that digest worn out organelles, bacteria, or viruses • when a cell dies its lysosomes burst and break down the cell into macromolecules that are reused by other cells • are part of the Endomembrane system. • The Endoplasmic Reticulum (synthesis and transport) connects with the Golgi Appartus (molecule packaging) which makes the lysosomes