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Understanding Electromagnetic Waves and Scientific Notation

Explore the creation, properties, and calculations related to electromagnetic waves, along with the simplified notation used in science. Discover the speed of EM waves in various mediums and how to perform multiplication and division in scientific notation.

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Understanding Electromagnetic Waves and Scientific Notation

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  1. [http://gtn.sonoma.edu/public/resources/presentations/06_03_02/img003.jpg][http://gtn.sonoma.edu/public/resources/presentations/06_03_02/img003.jpg]

  2. Electromagnetic Waves • EM waves are created by vibrating electric charges. (electrons in atoms!) • These do not need a medium because they travel by transferring energy between electric and magnetic fields.

  3. Electromagnetic Waves • These electric and magnetic fields continually create one another allowing for EM waves to exist. [http://www.monos.leidenuniv.nl/smo/basics/images/wave.gif] Click Here for a 3D EM Wave Demo

  4. EM Wave Properties • The speed of an EM wave depends on the medium it is traveling through. • As the medium becomes more dense, the speed decreases! [http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/speedoflight/javalightspeedfigure1.jpg]

  5. EM Wave Properties • In a vacuum, EM waves travel at 300,000,000 m/s. • Air is 299,997,000 m/s so we will use 300,000,000 m/s for simplicity.

  6. Scientific Notation • Removes extra “zeros” from numbers to make them smaller. • Example: • 300,000,000. m/s • 3.0 x 108 m/s

  7. Scientific Notation • Move decimal to the left = positive exponent. • 23,000,000. • Left 7 “spaces” • 2.3 x 107

  8. Scientific Notation • Move decimal to the right = negative exponent. • 0.0000067 • Right 6 “spaces” • 6.7 x 10-6

  9. Scientific Notation Calculations • Multiplication • Multiply the mantissas. • Add the exponents. • Mantissa must have only 1 number in front of the decimal.

  10. Scientific Notation Calculations • Example: • (3.0 x 104) x (4.0 x 103) • 12.0 x 107 , but the mantissa is bigger than 10 so…. • 1.2 x 108

  11. Scientific Notation Calculations • Division • Divide the mantissas. • Subtract the exponents. • Mantissa must have only 1 number in front of the decimal.

  12. Scientific Notation Calculations • Example: • (2.0 x 107) / (4.0 x 103) • 0.5 x 104 , but the mantissa is less than 1 so… • 5.0 x 103

  13. Scientific Notation & Calculators

  14. Scientific Notation & Calculators • Graphing or 2-line (6.67 x 10-11) • Enter 6.67 • Press the EE Key • Enter -11 • 6.67 x 10-11

  15. Scientific Notation & Calculators • One Line (3.71 x 10-5) • Enter 3.71 • Press the EE Key or EXP Key • Enter -5 • 3.71 x 10-5

  16. Scientific Notation & Calculators • For both calculators, when entering negative exponents use the “negative” key not the “minus sign” key!!!

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