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Objective 03/05/2013 Page 91. SWBAT distinguish the differences between an ion, cation and anion and how they form and relate to the elements through notes and preparation for their investigation. . Jumpstart. Think about it….

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Jumpstart

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  1. Objective 03/05/2013 Page 91 SWBAT distinguish the differences between an ion, cation and anion and how they form and relate to the elements through notes and preparation for their investigation. Jumpstart Think about it….. • Vinegar, lemons, and green apples have a sour taste and they are acidic. • You may have accidentally tasted soapy water, shampoo, or detergents and noted that all of these cleaning agents have a bitter taste and are basic. • What do vinegar, lemons, and green apples have in common? • What do soaps, shampoo, and detergents have in common?

  2. Ions, Acids & Bases Page 92 Packet Page 15

  3. Acids & Bases- Page 15 • Ion– an atom that carries a charge because it has lost or gained an electron • Atom with more electrons than protons – the atom becomes more negatively charged • An atom with more protons than electrons – the atom becomes more positively charged • The more electrons an atom gainsor loses, the more negative or positive it becomes.

  4. Cation- “Paws”itively charged ion; lost electrons • The letter t in cation looks like a positive plus sign +: ca+ion • Ex: Hydrogen (H) can be a cation because it easily loses its one valence electron to become H+ • Ex. Element X as a cation: X+ • Anion- ANegative ION; gained electrons • Ex: Chlorine (Cl) can be an anion because it easily gains an electron to become stable as Cl- • Ex. Element X as an anion: X-

  5. Acid • A substance which when added to water produces hydrogen ions [H+] • The strength of an acid is based on the concentration of H+ ions in the solution. The more H+ the stronger the acid. • Characteristics of Acids: • Taste sour • React strongly with metals (Zn + HCl) • Strong acids are dangerous and can burn your skin • Examples of Acids: • Vinegar • Stomach Acid (Hydrochloric Acid- HCl) • Citrus Fruits

  6. The Power of Sour on Your Teeth: Acid Levels in Popular Sour Candies • Water (neutral) 7.0 • Loss of tooth enamel 4.0 • Spree® 3.0 • Sweetarts® 3.0 • Sour Gummi Bears® 3.0 • X-treme Airheads® 3.0 • Sour Punch Straws® 2.5 • Shockers® 2.5 • Skittles® 2.5 • Baby Bottle Pop® Powder 2.5 • Brach’s Gummi Bears® 2.5 • WonkaLaffy Taffy® 2.5 • Starburst® 2.4 • Sweet Tarts Shock® 2.4 • Lemon Heads® 2.4 • WarHeads® Sour Rips Roll 2.3 • Lollipop Paint Shop® 2.2 • Zours® 2.2 • Sour Skittles® 2.2 • Airheads® Cherry Chew 2.0 • Wonka Nerds® Grape 2.0 • Now and Later® Cherry 1.9 • Too Tart Extra Sour Goo® 1.9 • Wonka Pixy Stix® Powder 1.9 • Altoids Mango Sours® 1.9 • Wonka Fun Dip® Powder 1.8 • WarHeads Sour Spray® 1.6 • Battery acid 1.0 • Data courtesy of Dr. John Ruby, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Dentistry, 2007.

  7. pH of Soil- Hydrangea flowers • In most species the flowers are white, but in some species, can be blue, red, pink, light purple, or dark purple. • In these species (hyperaccumulating plants) the color is affected by the pH of the soil.

  8. CHANGE TO PINK • For hydrangea blooms to be pink, the plants must not take up aluminum from the soil. • Shoot for a pH of about 6.0 to 6.2 • CHANGE TO BLUE • To obtain a blue hydrangea, aluminum must be present in the soil. To ensure that aluminum is present, aluminum sulfate may be added to the soil around the hydrangeas.pH of the soil should be low (5.2-5.5)

  9. Base • A substance which when added to water produces hydroxide ions [OH-] • The greater the concentration of Hydroxide ions [OH-] the stronger the base. Ex. NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide-a strong base) in water • Basic solutions are called alkaline • Characteristics of Bases: • Taste bitter • Feel slippery • Strong bases are very dangerous and can burn your skin • Examples: • lye (Sodium Hydroxide- NaOH) • Ammonia

  10. What do you think happens when you add an acid to a base? • When acids and bases are combined, a process called neutralization occurs • The acids and bases chemically react to create water (a neutrally charged substance) and a salt +  HCl+NaOH H2O +NaCl

  11. How can you tell the difference between an acid and a base? • pH Scale- “Potential for Hydrogen” Scale; measures acids and bases • 0 - 6.9 = acid • 7 = neutral substance • 7.1 - 14 = base • Litmus paper- indicator paper that changes colors to tell whether a substance is an acid or a base • Acids - turn the paper a shade of red/orange • Bases - turn the paper a shade of blue/green

  12. Acids vs. Bases (pH Scale) • Bases are materials with a lesser concentration of H+ ions, and a greater concentration of OH- ions • They are measured from 7.1-14 on the pH scale • Acids are materials that have a higher concentration of H+ions • They are measured from 0-6.9 on the pH scale

  13. Adopt-An-Element/Molecule Project • Tissue Box Advertisement for your Element/Molecule- DUE Fridayday 3/8 • Tissue box size to use • Element: 12.8 cm X 11.1 cm X 10.9 cm • the small cube box • Molecule: ANY size tissue box! • Include important information about the element/molecule, as outlined in the grading rubric (on your page) • Must be neat, colorful, and creative and contain all the information listed! (Elements – no 3-D decorations because boxes will be stacked; Include pictures or other items for a creative theme)

  14. Adopt-An-Element / Molecule Project

  15. Atomic Number & Mass Side 1 (bottom) ElementSymbol Element Name

  16. Side 3 Side 2 Bohr Model Slogan # of subatomic particles (p, n, e) Picture collage # of orbitals # of Valence electrons

  17. Side 5 Side 4 5 Interesting Facts Family/Group Classification Physical Properties Works Cited Chemical Properties

  18. Side 6 (top) Your Name Origin of Element’s Name Discoverer/ Creator’s Name Where/ When Discovered

  19. Packet Page 16 3/06/2013 Acid: 0-6.9 • What is the pH range of Acids? • What is the pH range Bases? • Using what you know about acids and bases, fill classify the following substances: • Ammonia, vinegar, soap, Tums (antacid), Coke, detergent, citrus fruit, lye (soap), OH- ions, H+ ions Base: 7.1-14 • Ammonia • Vinegar • Soap • Coke • Tums (antacid) • Citrus fruits • Detergents • H+ ions • Lye (soap) • OH- ions

  20. Katie Elizabeth Piper • Who: model and television presenter • What: she was the victim of sulfuric acid being thrown at her face • Where: England, UK • When: March 2008 • Why: Piper's ex-boyfriend hired another man out of jealous and anger; both men were arrested and are serving life sentences

  21. Physical Effects: The acid destroyed the skin on her face, neck and hands; • when she arrived at the hospital, she was missing an ear, parts of her nose and was blind in one eye • Recovery: the surgeons removed all the skin from her face • They mixed thin strips of a synthetic skin substitute with tiny squares of real skin stripped from Katie's back • The procedure was the first of its kind to be completed in a single operation. • Piper first told her story in a British television documentary, "My Beautiful Face," which she said gave her the platform to rebuild her life. • She hopes to inspire others and wants to help other burn victims receive the same extensive rehab that she did.

  22. Bethany Storro Gets Acid Thrown in Her Face by Unknown Woman- September 21, 2010 • A woman approached Bethany Storro, said, "Hey pretty girl, do you want to drink this?" The woman then threw a cup of acid in her face. • Injuries: major to face; sunglasses saved her from going blind • Publicity: Oprah appearance • Suspects: None • Investigation: Police get suspicious • Investigators notice it didn't look like acid had splashed on her • Obtained search warrant of her home • Interview: Storro admitted to making up the woman who attacked her, instead, she went into a park bathroom, put on gloves, and applied the cleaner to her face with a towel. • Motive: Suicide, or attention and sympathy • Science-link: A burn surgeon said the acid used was as strong as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. • Charges: • theft for taking money from three fundraisers in her honor. • California man- $1,000 • Safeway- $3,000 • Another fund- $20,000

  23. Acid throwing • Where: Cambodia, Afghanistan, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan • What: violent assault, with the intention of injuring or disfiguring victim out of jealousy or revenge • Acid is thrown on victims, usually at their faces, burning them, and damaging skin tissue, often exposing and sometimes dissolving the bones • Long term consequences: blindness and permanent scarring of the face and body

  24. Acids & Bases Lab • Why is it important to keep your goggles and lab apron on at all times? • Why is it important to use lots and lots of water if you accidentally spill an acid or a base on your skin/in your eyes? • They will protect from any chemicals splashing up into your eyes or on your body. • Water is usually neutral (pH 7). Adding lots of water to the acid or base will neutralize any of the corrosive material that has gotten on your skin, and will dilute the strength of the acid or base so that it will not burn or irritate you.

  25. Acids and Bases Lab- Page 16 • Goals/Objectives • Steps through Lab • NOW: Make Predictions on Data Table • Completing the data collection chart • Conclusion Questions • Extension Questions • Work in table groups 10stations • NaOH and HCl with Ms. D’Onofrio • Tear 2 strips of litmus paper into 16 total strips • 2 1/2 minutes at each station • Stay at your station • Only 1 drop/substance • Record pH values of the substances • Time’s up? Move quickly and quietly to the next station • Clean-Up Procedure…

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