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BASIC ELECTRICITY

BASIC ELECTRICITY. CHAPTER 1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE. ALTERNATING CURRENT(AC) ATOM ATTRACTION CENTRIFUGAL FORCE CONDUCTORS DIRECT CURRENT (DC) ELECTRON ELECTRON ORBITS. INSULATORS MATTER NEGATIVE NEUTRON NUCLEUS POSITIVE PROTON SEMICONDUCTORS VALENCE ELECTRONS. TERMS TO KNOW.

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BASIC ELECTRICITY

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  1. BASIC ELECTRICITY CHAPTER 1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE

  2. ALTERNATING CURRENT(AC) ATOM ATTRACTION CENTRIFUGAL FORCE CONDUCTORS DIRECT CURRENT (DC) ELECTRON ELECTRON ORBITS INSULATORS MATTER NEGATIVE NEUTRON NUCLEUS POSITIVE PROTON SEMICONDUCTORS VALENCE ELECTRONS TERMS TO KNOW

  3. HISTORY OF ELECTRICITY • GREEKS DISCOVERED 2500 YEARS AGO • USED PRACTICALLY ABOUT 100 YEARS • AMBER BECAME CHARGED WHEN RUBBED WITH OTHER MATERIALS: ATTRACTED THINGS LIKE LEAVES, FEATHERS, BITS OF CLOTH • THE WORD ELECTRIC COMES FROM THE WORD “ELEKTRON”

  4. LIST A: POSITIVE LIST B: NEGATIVE

  5. STUDY OF ATOMS • ATOM IS THE BUILDING BLOCK OF UNIVERSE • ALL MATTER IS MADE FROM A COMBINATION OF ATOMS • MATTER IS ANY SUBSTANCE THAT HAS MASS AND TAKES UP SPACE • MATTER CAN EXIST IN THREE FORMS: SOLID, LIQUID, OR GAS • ELEMENT: CAN’T BE DIVIDED INTO A SIMPLER SUBSTANCE

  6. STUDY OF ATOMS THREE STATES OF WATER

  7. THREE PARTS OF AN ATOM: 1.ELECTRON 2. PROTON 3.NEUTRON NUCLEUS: PROTON AND NEUTRON NOTICE THE CHARGES OF EACH PART

  8. PROTON=POSITIVE CHARGE ELECTRON=NEGATIVE CHARGE

  9. LAW OF CHARGES…. Opposite charges attract and like charges repel

  10. VALENCE ELECTRONS • OUTER SHELL OF ATOM IS KNOWN AS “VALENCE SHELL” • ELECTRONS LOCATED IN OUTER SHELL ARE “VALENCE ELECTRONS” • THE VALENCE SHELL CAN’T HOLD MORE THAN 8 ELECTRONS

  11. COPPER: GOOD CONDUCTOR BECAUSE OF ONLY ONE VALENCE ELECTRON

  12. CURRENT FLOW HAPPENS WHEN ELECTRONS MOVE FROM ATOM TO ATOM.

  13. INSULATORS: HAVE 7 OR 8 ELECTRONS IN VALENCE SHELL SEMICONDUCTORS: HAVE 4 ELECRONS IN VALENCE SHELL

  14. CONDUCTORS • THEY HAVE ONLY 1 OR 2 VALENCE ELECTRONS: • THEY GIVE UP THOSE ELECTRONS EASILY WITH LITTLE EFFORT • THEY ALLOW CURRENT FLOW EASILY: LOW RESISTANCE!!!!!!

  15. EXAMPLES OF GOODCONDUCTORS • SILVER: 1 VALENCE ELECTRON • COPPER: 1 VALENCE ELECTRON • GOLD: 1 VALENCE ELECTRON • ALUMINUM: 3 VALENCE ELECTRON • PLATINUM: 1 VALENCE ELECTRON

  16. INSULATORS • MATERIALS THAT HAVE 7 OR 8 VALENCE ELECTRONS • RESIST FLOW OF ELECTRICITY • ELECTRONS ARE HELD TIGHTLY AND ARE NOT GIVEN UP EASILY

  17. EXAMPLES OF INSULATORS • RUBBER • PLASTIC • GLASS • WOOD

  18. SEMICONDUCTORS • MATERIALS THAT HAVE 4 VALENCE ELECTRONS • ARE NEITHER GOOD FOR CONDUCTORS OR INSULATORS • USED TO MAKE DIODES AND TRANSISTORS • COMPUTORS ARE FULL OF SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIAL • SILICON AND GERMANIUM MOST COMMON USED

  19. METHODS OF PRODUCINGELECTRICITY • MAGNETISM=GENERATOR • CHEMICAL=BATTERY • PRESSURE=PIEZO SENSORS • HEAT=THERMOCOUPLES • FRICTION=STATIC • LIGHT=PHOTO ELECTRIC

  20. REVIEW….. • OPEN THE BOOKS TO SUMMARY AT END OF CHAPTER. • DO THE REVIEW QUESTIONS IN CLASS.

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