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Inst itute of Meteorology and Water Management

Inst itute of Meteorology and Water Management. New Meteorological Satellites – selected applications for agrometeorology. PIOTR STRUZIK IMWM Kraków. Presentation outline: 1. Meteorological satellite system – actual status and near future in Europe .

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Inst itute of Meteorology and Water Management

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  1. Institute of Meteorology and Water Management New Meteorological Satellites – selected applications for agrometeorology PIOTR STRUZIK IMWM Kraków

  2. Presentation outline: 1. Meteorological satellite system – actual status and near future in Europe. 2. MSG and EPS satellite systems and their applications in agriculture: - surface temperature, - soil moisture, - vegetation (including forest fires), - solar radiation. 3. Future satellite missions. 4. Conclusions.

  3. MSG in EUMETSAT’s overall Satellite Systems 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 METEOSAT IODC (63° East) Operational Hot stand by (at 10° East, until 14/1/98) Meteosat-5 Approved Operational S/C (until June 1998) Fuel margin Meteosat-6 Available Meteosat-7 MSG MSG-1 MSG-2 MSG-3 MSG-4 (TBC) EPS METOP-1 METOP-2 METOP-3

  4. MSG EPS/Metop SATELLITE APPLICATION FACILITIES EUMETSAT Applications Ground Segment Direct read-out service HRPT Data acquisition and control Pre-processing EUMETSAT HQ Applications Ground Segment Products extraction EUMETSAT HQ Unified Meteorological Archive and Retrieval Facility (U-MARF) EUMETSAT HQ Centralised processing and generation of products Decentralised processing and generation of products U S E R S

  5. MSG Solutions • Temporal resolution: 15 minutes instead of 30 minutes • Spatial sampling at sub-satellite point: 3 km (1 km HR VIS) instead of 5 km (2.5 km VIS) • More channels: 1 HR VIS, 2 VIS, 1 near IR, 4 IR windows, 2 WV, 1 Ozone and 1 CO2 • Exploitation of data separated into general processing centrally by EUMETSAT and specialised processing by specific centres (SAF)

  6. Meteosat IR Channel ~ 5 km Meteosat VIS Channel ~ 2.5 km IMPROVED SPATIAL SAMPLING WITH THEHRV CHANNEL(Example: 4 December 2002, 12:30 UTC) MSG HRV channel ~ 1 km

  7. EUMETSAT SAF activities related to agrometeorology: • NWC SAF • Land SAF • Climatological SAF • Hydrological SAF (in creation process) • Types of activities: • Operational products • Software packages

  8. SEVIRI Cloud Mask Cloud Type Cloud Top Temp. & Height Precipitating Clouds Convective Rainfall Rate Total Precipitable Water Layer Precipitable Water Stability Analysis Imagery High Resolution Winds Aut. Sat. Image Interpr. Rapid Dev. Thunderstorms Air Mass Analysis Improved Obs. Operators(for AMVs) Geostationary Rad. Assimilation AVHRR/AMSU/MHS/HIRS Cloud Mask Cloud Type Cloud Top Temp. & Height Precipitating Clouds Improved & Extended RTMs IASI Fast RTM & Obs. Operators GOME Obs. Operators ASCAT/SeaWinds Improved Obs. Operators SSM/I 1DVar Retrieval System(for wind speed, cloud water etc.) Fast RTM SSMIS 1DVar Retrieval System(for wind speed, cloud water etc.) Fast RTM AIRS 1DVAR Retrieval System SW Packages for Users AAPP • Improved and extended versions for annual distribution (e.g. updated ingest function, updated cloud detection, added ICI retrieval module etc.) • Extension to processing IASI+AMSU+AVHRR SAF NWC SAF NWP

  9. Real Time Product Services related to agrometeorologyMSGEPSMulti-Mission • Near Surface Wind Vector • Surface Albedo & Aerosol • Scattered Rad. Field • Surface Short-wave Fluxes • Land Surface Temperature • Surface Emissivity • Surface Long-wave Fluxes • Evapotranspiration Rate • N. Europe Snow Cover • Land Surface Temperature • Surface Emissivity • Surface Long-wave Fluxes • S. & C. Europe Snow Cover • Surface Albedo • Scattered Radiance Field • Surface Short-wave Fluxes • Land Surface Temperature • Surface Emissivity • Surface Long-wave Fluxes • Soil Moisture • Evapotranspiration Rate SAF OSI SAF O3M SAF CLM SAF GRM SAF LSA

  10. Off-Line Product ServicesMSGEPSMulti-Mission • Surface Albedo & Aerosol • Scattered Radiance Field • Surface Short-wave Fluxes • Land Surface Temperature • Surface Emissivity • Surface Long-wave Fluxes • Land Surface Temperature • Surface Emissivity • Surface Long-wave Fluxes • NDVI, FGV, fPAR, LAI • Surface Rad. Budget • Surface Albedo • Rad. Budget at TOA • Surface Albedo & Aerosol • Scattered Radiance Field • Surface Short-wave Fluxes • Land Surface Temperature • Surface Emissivity • Surface Long-wave Fluxes SAF OSI SAF O3M SAF CLM SAF GRM SAF LSA

  11. Real Time Product ServicesEPS • Surface Albedo (1 km, 12 hours) • Aerosol (1 km 12 hours) • Scattered Radiance Field (1 km, 12 hours) • Surface Short-wave Fluxes (1 km 12 hours) • Land Surface Temperature (1 km, 6 hours) • Surface Emissivity (1 km, 6 hours) • Surface Long-wave Fluxes (1 km, 6 hours) • Evapotranspiration Rate (1 km, TBD) • N. Europe Snow Cover (1 km, 1 day) OSI O3M CLMGRMLSA

  12. Off-Line Product ServicesEPS • Surface Albedo (1 km, 10 days & 1 month) • Aerosol (1 km, 10 days & 1 month) • Scattered Radiance Field (1 km, 10 days & 1 month) • Surface Short-wave Fluxes (1 km, 10 days & 1 month) • Land Surface Temperature (1 km, 10 days) • Surface Emissivity (1 km, 10 days) • Surface Long-wave Fluxes (1 km, 10 days) OSI O3M CLMGRMLSA

  13. Potential data delivery from H-SAF during the operational phase (2010-2014)

  14. Selected satellite products and their applications

  15. Data Sources for Soil Moisture Measurements • Field Observations • Expansive • Only a few measurement networks (agrometeorologic) • Remote Sensing most promissing • Global & Frequent • Cost efficient • Microwave Remote Sensing most suitable • Offer the most direct means due to sensitivity to the dielectric properties • Day and night capabilities • Independent of Clouds • Problem: vegetation, surface roughness

  16. Soil moisture vs. thermal inertia – problems with cloud cover !

  17. Available Microwave Sensors • Passive Sensors (Radiometers) • SSMR (1978 - 87) • AMSR (2002 - ) • CMIS (2009 - ) • SMOS (2007 - ) • HYDROS (2010 - ) • Active Sensors (Scatterometers) • ERS Scatterometer (1991 - ) • METOP ASCAT (2005 - ) • HYDROS (2010 - )

  18. ERS Scatterometer 1991 up to present 3 antennas 50 kmspatial resolution Daily coverage<41 % METOP Advanced Scatterometer start in 2005 6 antennas 25 kmresolution Daily coverage>80% From ERS to METOP

  19. Source: Klaus Scipial 2004

  20. Surface temperature on the area of Poland

  21. Drought in Poland - 1993 2nd half of July 2nd half of August 3rd decade of September Vegetation indices

  22. Fires/Smoke Channel 04 (3.9 m) Channel 07 (8.7 m) Fires over Portugal and Spain (biggest fires of last 20 years) MSG-1, 3 August 2003, 12:00 UTC

  23. Institute of Meteorology and Water ManagementPOLAND The World Radiometric Network (1964-1993)

  24. W/m2 Daily variation of Solar radiation regitered at the ground by pyranometer 18-30.10.1999 Krakow.

  25. XI XII I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX Daily available solar energy on XI.1999 - IX.2000 registered by pyranometer and estimated from satellite data (location Krakow, Poland).

  26. Comparison of daily solar energy registered at the ground at estimated from satellite data (period XI.1999 - IX.2000, Kraków).

  27. Severe weather warnings Combined satellite and lightning detection data

  28. Future satellite missions interesting for agrometeorological applications • SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity Mission) 2007, • GPM (Global Precipitation Mission) planned 2008, postponed to 2010 – 2015, • Active radar satelites with resolution 8 m – 2006 (Germany),

  29. Conclusions: • Operational applications of MSG satellite are becoming available. • EPS products are expected in 2006. • Main use of MSG satellite products is as an input to agrometeorological models (irrigation, pest & disase etc.). Also use for severe weather warnings. • We are still far from direct operational use of satellite products in agrometeorology (models required).

  30. Sensing does not tell us why fire is hot, just that it is hot. (Aristotele, Metaphysicorum liber)

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