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ATP

Making energy!. ATP. The point is to make ATP !. Where do we get the energy from?. Work of life is done by energy coupling use exergonic (catabolic) reactions to fuel endergonic (anabolic) reactions. digestion. energy. +. +. synthesis. energy. +. +. Living economy.

thomas-rodriguez
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ATP

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  1. Making energy! ATP The pointis to makeATP!

  2. Where do we get the energy from? • Work of life is done by energy coupling • use exergonic (catabolic) reactions to fuel endergonic (anabolic) reactions digestion energy + + synthesis energy + +

  3. Living economy • Fueling the body’s economy • eat high energy organic molecules • food = carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids • break them down • digest=catabolism • capture released energy in a form the cell can use • Need an energy currency • a way to pass energy around • need a short term energy storage molecule ATP Whoa!Hot stuff!

  4. O– O– O– O– O– O– O– O– P P P P P P P P –O –O –O O– O– O– –O –O –O O– O– O– –O –O O– O– O O O O O O O O I thinkhe’s a bitunstable…don’t you? How does ATP store energy? • Each negative PO4 more difficult to add • a lot of stored energy in each bond • most energy stored in 3rd Pi • 3rd Pi is hardest group to keep bonded to molecule • Bonding of negative Pi groups is unstable • spring-loaded • Pi groups “pop” off easily & release energy ADP AMP ATP Instability of its P bonds makes ATP an excellent energy donor

  5. O– O– O– O– P P P P –O O– –O O– –O –O O– O– O O O O How does ATP transfer energy? • ATP  ADP • releases energy • ∆G = -7.3 kcal/mole • Fuel other reactions • Phosphorylation • released Pi can transfer to other molecules • destabilizing the other molecules • enzyme that phosphorylates = “kinase” 7.3energy + ADP ATP

  6. enzyme + + H H H H H H H H H2O C C C C C C C C OH OH HO HO O O + H ATP ADP + C H H P HO OH H C C + + Pi C P An example of Phosphorylation… • Building polymers from monomers • need to destabilize the monomers • phosphorylate! synthesis +4.2 kcal/mol “kinase”enzyme It’snever thatsimple! -7.3 kcal/mol -3.1 kcal/mol

  7. P ATP C 2 hexokinase C 2 ADP phosphofructokinase H C P Another example of Phosphorylation… • The first steps of cellular respiration • beginning the breakdown of glucose to make ATP glucose C-C-C-C-C-C Thosephosphatessure make ituncomfortablearound here! fructose-1,6bP P-C-C-C-C-C-C-P DHAP P-C-C-C G3P C-C-C-P activationenergy

  8. + Pi ATP / ADP cycle ATP • Can’t store ATP • good energy donor, not good energy storage • too reactive • transfers Pi too easily • only short term energy storage • carbohydrates & fats are long term energy storage cellularrespiration 7.3 kcal/mole ADP A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second Whoa!Pass methe glucose (and O2)!

  9. Structure of Mitochondria • Contains an inner and outer membrane • The inner membrane has folds called cristae which increase its surface area • Inside inner membrane is a liquid matrix which holds many enzymes the mitochondria needs

  10. That’s the rest of mystory! Any Questions?

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