Ecology

1. Ecology

2. Aim: How do we study life? Do Now: Jan 2011 Regents Questions 66 & 67 Hw: Re-read pgs. 98-101 Answer Questions 1-8 on pgs. 101-102

3. Aim: How do we study life? Do Now: Jan 2011 Regents Questions 66 & 67 Hw: Re-read pgs. 98-101 Answer Questions 1-8 on pgs. 101-102

4. The study of the interactions that take place among organisms and their environment

5. Biosphere The part of Earth that supports life Top portion of Earth's crust All the waters that cover Earth's surface Atmosphere that surrounds Earth.

7. Ecosystem All the organisms living in an area and the nonliving features of their environment

9. Population All the organisms in an ecosystem that belong to the same species

11. Community All the populations in an ecosystem

13. Aim: What are ecosystems? Do Now: Contrast community & ecosystem. Provide examples for each. Hw: Define vocab on pgs. 102-104. Vocab Quiz on Friday (pgs. 98-104)

14. Habitat The place in which an organism lives provides the kinds of food and shelter, the temperature, and the amount of moisture the organism needs to survive

16. Competition Food Space

17. Competition Competition caused by population growth affects many organisms, including humans Limits population size

18. Competition Competition caused by population growth affects many organisms, including humans Limits population size

19. Limiting Factor Anything that restricts the number of individuals in a population. Includes living and nonliving features of the ecosystem

20. Producers Also known as (autotrophs) are organisms that make their own food. Through photosynthesis. Do you remember the equation?

21. Producers Any organisms that can undergo photosynthesis (plants). Dependent on sunlight to create food (glucose).

22. Consumers Organisms that cannot make their own food, and must obtain it from their environment. (also known as heterotrophs). They need food for energy. Cellular respiration (remember the formula?)

23. Types of Consumers Herbivores: organisms that only eat producers (plants). Ex: Cow Carnivores: organisms that eat other animals Ex: Lion Omnivores: organisms that eat both plant and animals. Ex: human Decomposer: organisms that eat wastes and dead bodies of other organims. Recycle nutrients that can be reused by producers. Ex: mushroom

24. Scavenger: organisms that eat dead organisms. Ex: Vultures

25. Aim: What are the types of consumers? Do Now: Give an example of an herbivore, omnivore, carnivore, decomposer, scavenger. Hw: Study vocab on pgs. 98-104.

26. Aim: What are food webs? Do Now: Vocab Quiz Hw: Finish food chain. Read pgs. 107-113. define all vocab. Regents Practice A 1-3 on pg. 116 -119. 11,12, 14-20. 22 -23 (in book), 24-25 pgs 117-119. Write two paragraphs on one method humans have used to affect biodiversity ( the survival of the different species) Ex; see Topic 7 for ideas. Review 100 ways online & 134 things you should know for the regents (posted under hw as attachment).

27. Ecological Niche Role that each species plays in an ecosystem. Only one species at a time can occupy a particular niche, or competition results. Ex: Figure 6-4

28. Competition for a Niche Competition for a particular ecological niche occurs when a foreign species enters an area.

29. Food Chains Illustrate the relationships between prey and predator. Food chain shows what eats what.

30. Food Web Diagrams that show the complex feeding relationships among producers, consumers, and decomposers.

31. Aim: How does energy flow through an Ecosystem? Do Now: Using pgs. 103-104. How does a food web differ from a food chain? Hw: Re-read pgs. 107-108. Answer Questions 28-33, 37-39 on pgs.108-109

35. Energy Pyramid A diagram that illustrates the transfer of energy through food chain or food web. Energy is lost as organisms continually breaking chemical bonds in food to use energy to live. When energy is released as ATP used by cell, energy is converted to heat and lost to the environment. See Figure 6-7 on pg. 107

36. Energy Pyramid Each block of the energy pyramid represents the amount of energy that was obtained from the organism below it. Each level will have less energy (smaller) due to loss of heat as organisms use energy to carry out life processes. The sun is essential to the cycle since it provides energy for producers.

40. Recycling & Reusing Materials Energy from dead organisms is extracted by decomposers and used for their cell processes. Decomposition is the process of breaking down dead organisms and wastes produced by living organisms into raw materials and returning those materials to the ecosystem.

41. Examples of Decomposers Bacteria & Fungi They allow the atoms and molecules of living things to cycle through living and nonliving parts of the biosphere. Chemicals like nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen pass through food webs and are rearranged for processes like photosynthesis & cell respiration.

43. Aim: What is ecological succession? Do Now: Jan 2012 Ques. 1, 12, 18, 19 Hw: Read 100 ways ! Review Baron’s book. Bring green book

44. Biodiversity Measurement of the degree to which species vary within an ecosystem. Different species allows for stability of ecosystem. These variations allow for survival in the event of disease, since some can survive and reproduce. Also it will help the survival of organisms impacted by environmental disasters.

45. Stability of Ecosystem Interactions between organisms allow ecosystems to remain stable for hundreds or thousands of years. Stable ecosystems have predictable patterns of populations, since prey population increases will result in predator population increases, until the predators kill so many prey that they starve from the decline in prey population.

46. Biodiversity Humans contribute to loss of biodiversity by destruction to habitats such as deforestation (cutting down trees). Deforestation can damage the ecosystem and critical roles (niches) can be lost. Biodiversity is important for production of medicine, insecticides, and other useful resources.

47. Ecological Succession Series of changes by which one habitat changes into another. Each community causes modifications to its environment. Changes that make it more suitable for another community. Altered environments (climate changes, natural disasters) will reach a series of succesional changes to return to long term stability.

48. Ecological Succession Ex. Succession form a lake to a forest over time. Bedrock  lichen mosses  grasses  trees and shrubs  climax forest. Two common patterns: Community of bare rock accumulates soil to lead to grasses, shrubs and then a forest. Lake accumulating sediments from erosion and building up to lead to swamp and ultimately a mature forest.