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Shifting Kingdoms

Lumpers. Splitters. Shifting Kingdoms. Multicellular Animals. Archezoans. Euglenoids. Slime Molds. Archaebacteria. Brown Algae. Protozoans. Chrysophytes. Red algae. Green Algae. Bryophytes. Myxozoans. True Fungi. Tracheophytes. Bacteria. 8. 5. 3. 2. 1. Extant.

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Shifting Kingdoms

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  1. Lumpers Splitters Shifting Kingdoms

  2. Multicellular Animals Archezoans Euglenoids Slime Molds Archaebacteria Brown Algae Protozoans Chrysophytes Red algae Green Algae Bryophytes Myxozoans True Fungi Tracheophytes Bacteria 8 5 3 2 1 Extant How Many Kingdoms? Extinct Long Time with Prokaryotes only Original Cell

  3. Multicellular Animals Archezoans Euglenoids Slime Molds Archaebacteria Brown Algae Protozoans Chrysophytes Red algae Green Algae Bryophytes Myxozoans True Fungi Tracheophytes Bacteria 0.5 1 2 3 4 BYBP Extant How Long Ago? Land! Plants Multicellular First Eukaryotes Extinct Cyanobacterial Oxygen Long Time with Prokaryotes only Origin of Life Original Cell

  4. Evidence Categories • History - clearer recently, more obscure anciently • Fossils - stratigraphic depth, isotope decay, etc. • Chemical - metabolic products such as O2, Ss • Molecular - DNA sequence alterations, etc. • Developmental sequences - onto- phylo- geny • Biogeography - Pangea, Gondwana & Laurasia

  5. How do we know the Evolution Pathway? Phylogenetic Systematics • Inferences from comparison of extant organisms • Characters-Attributes of the organism • Anatomy • Morphology • Development • Physiology • Macromolecule Sequences • Polarizing Character States • Plesiomorphies-Ancient, shared by descendants • Apomorphies-More-recent derivatives • Synapomorphy-Shared among related organisms • Autapomorphy-Found only in one organism • Use of outgroup to compare to ingroup

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