More Spreadsheets

1. More Spreadsheets Range Formulas & Empty Cells Logical Functions Lookup Functions

2. Range Arguments • Can all math functions be used with a range argument? • NO! May get error or may get one value, depending on where the formula is entered relative to the range. • Correct—Enter formula in terms of first cell in range, then copy/paste to “iterate” • (see emptys.xls in examples/solutions)

3. Ranges that include different types of cells • How do mathematical functions such as sum, max, average, count treat cells that are empty or have text? • What do the functions averageA, countA, maxA do instead?

4. Relational Operators

5. Logical Combinations • And(logical1,logical2,…) produces TRUE when all are true, otherwise FALSE • OR(logical1,logical2,…) produces FALSE when all are false, otherwise TRUE (“inclusive or”) • NOT(logical1) produces TRUE when logical1 is false, and produces FALSE when logical2 is true

6. The IF Function • IF(logical expression, value_when_true, value_when_false) • =If(B3>5,C2^2,”Carl”) put in cell D2 would cause D2 to display 64 • Copy & paste to cell D1 would cause D1 to display ?

7. Information Functions • ISBLANK(cell) is TRUE when cell is empty • ISTEXT(cell) is TRUE when cell has text • Note the difference between ISTEXT(“1”) and ISTEXT(1) • ISNA(value) is TRUE when value is the #N/A error value

8. COUNTIF • COUNTIF(range, condition to be counted) • =Countif(a3:a12,5) returns the number of times 5 appears in the range • =countif(a3:a12,”Bob”) returns the number of times Bob appears in the range • =countif(a3:a12,D3) returns the number of times the value in D3 appears in the range • =countif(a3:a12,”>5”) returns the number of times a value greater than 5 appears in the range

9. COUNTIF • =countif(a3:a12,”=5”) returns the number of times 5 appears in the range • =countif(a3:a12,”=D3”) does NOT return the number of times the value in D3 appears in the range • =countif(a3:a12,”>D3”) does NOT return the number of times a value greater than the value in D3 appears in the range • =countif(a3:a12,”>”&D3) retuns the number of times a value greater than the value in D3 appears in the range

10. SUMIF • SUMIF(range,criteria,sum_range) • Range is the cells to examine for meeting the criteria • Criteria is the condition to be met • Sum_range is the corresponding cells to add when criteria is met • =sumif(a2:a5,”>0”,b2:b5) adds those cells in b2 thru b5 whose corresponding a2 thru a5 value is positive

11. SUMIF • The same limitations as countif apply with regard to the criteria including relational operators and cell references • =sumif(a2:a5,”>c3”,b2:b5) does NOT correctly add those cells in b2 thru b5 whose corresponding a2 thru a5 value is greater than the value in cell c3 • (see countif.xls in examples)

12. Table Lookups & References • Vlookup & HLookup—used to look for a “target” in first column or row of a table & return a “corresponding” value from another column or row of the table • Lookup—used to look for a “target” in a “vector” (single row or column) & return a value in the corresponding position in another “vector” (single row or column) • Match—used to find the relative position of a “target” in a vector • Index—used to return the value in a specified relative position in a table

13. VLookup & Hlookup Specifics • First argument is target (what you are looking for) • Second argument is range in which you are looking (limited to leftmost column of range for vlookup, topmost row of range for hlookup) • Third argument is relative column(for vlookup) or row (for hlookup) from which corresponding value is to be returned. Must have been included in range. • Fourth argument is TRUE or FALSE, used as a “flag” & is optional—but if omitted assumes TRUE • FALSE—does not assume column/row being searched is already sorted, requires an exact match • TRUE—requires column/row being searched is already sorted in ascending order, & that you will accept the largest value <= target

14. VLookup Example What formula can we enter in E15 so that when we enter a name in D15, E15 will display that contestant’s score from the Canadian judge?

15. VLookup Example =vlookup(d15,a8:h11,5,false) If we enter “Yvonne” in d15, E15 displays 5 =vlookup(d15,a8:h11,5) If we enter “Sonia” in d15, E15 displays 8.8—which is wrong! Why?

16. Match(target,vector,flag) • Searches row or column for “target”, returning its relative position in the row or column • Flag can be • 1 which means vector is sorted in ascending order, in which case returns largest value <= target • 0 which means exact match required, vector need not be sorted • -1 which means vector is sorted in descending order, in which case returns smallest value >=target

17. Match Example What formula can we enter in E17 so that it will display the relative row corresponding to the winner of the contest? =match(max(h8:h11),h8:h11,0) Produces 4

18. Index(table,row,column) • Used to extract a value from a table based on its relative row & column position • Index(b3:d5,2,3) would display value in cell d4 • Index(b3:b5,2) would display value in cell b4 • Index(b3:d3,2) would display value in cell c3 • Can “nest” match inside index to locate a position & return a corresponding value

19. Index Example What formula can we enter in E17 so that it will display the name of the winner of the contest? =index(a8:a11, match( max(h8:h11) ,h8:h11,0) ) Produces Sonia