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Designing Participatory GIS/SDSS

Designing Participatory GIS/SDSS. Piotr Jankowski Department of Geography San Diego State University. http://geography.sdsu.edu/People/Faculty/jankowski.html. Lecture Outline . Public participation as organized activity Design framework

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Designing Participatory GIS/SDSS

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  1. Designing Participatory GIS/SDSS Piotr Jankowski Department of Geography San Diego State University http://geography.sdsu.edu/People/Faculty/jankowski.html

  2. Lecture Outline • Public participation as organized activity • Design framework • Example of PPGIS designs guided by the framework

  3. Public Participation = Structured Activity

  4. Deliberative-Analytic Processes • The deliberative component: • provides an opportunity to interactively give voice to choices about values, alternatives, and recommendations. • The analytic component: • provides technical information that ensures broad-based, competent perspectives are treated .

  5. Structured Participation Procedures

  6. Approaches to Structured Participation

  7. Comparing Methods

  8. Which Participatory Activities?

  9. More Questions Who participates? What Social-Institutional Influences? What Process? What Data? What Tools? What Outcomes?

  10. Assessment Framework for PPGIS Convening Constructs Process Constructs Outcome Constructs Public Participation as Social Interaction using Participatory GIS Tools Social-Institutional Influence Task Outcomes Group Participant Influence Appropriation Group Process Social Outcomes Data and Tool Influence Emergent Influence (Nyerges & Jankowski, 1997, 2001)

  11. Assessing Convening Constructs • Social-institutional influence • Power and control • Convening influence • Rules and norms

  12. Assessing Convening Constructs • Group participant Influence • Participant values • Knowledge of subject domain • Attitudes towards technology

  13. Assessing Convening Constructs • Data and Tool Influence • Availability of relevant data • Availability of information aids

  14. Public participation as social interaction using GIS tools • Appropriation • Group process • Emergent influence

  15. Summary of assessment framework • Assess: • Problem context • Participatory process • Expected outcomes

  16. Design Considerations Group Size Small | Large Technology Simple | Complex Setting Synchronous | Asynchronous

  17. Eliciting participant information needs • In-depth interviews with a diverse sample of participants • Personas – fictional composites that adequately represent the spectrum of diversity in backgrounds and perspectives among the stakeholders

  18. Identifying data and tools • Data and tools as function of participant information needs and process requirements • Process requirements guide the selection of tools supporting information flow

  19. Integrating data and tools • Process requirements • Technological arrangements

  20. Design example: community-based water protection zoning

  21. Design example: community-based water protection zoning

  22. Design example: Participatory Geographic Information System for Transportation (PGIST)

  23. Participatory Process:

  24. Agenda Builder Value Organizer Alternative Generator Choice Modeler Summary Generator

  25. Future Challenges • Research Questions • What are effective ways of eliciting public values and perspectives in different problem settings? • How to combine formal knowledge with informal knowledge? • How to assess costs and benefits of technology in order to make good design choices?

  26. Acknowledgements Timothy Nyerges and the entire PGIST research team from University of Washington, University of Wyoming and San Diego State University Amy Owen, Delta State University NSF Information Technology Research Program

  27. References Jankowski, P., T. Nyerges, S. Robischon, K. Ramsey and D. Tuthill, 2006. Design Consideration and Evaluation of a Collaborative, Spatio-Temporal Decision Support System, Transactions in GIS, 10(3): 335-354 Nyerges, T., P. Jankowski, K. Ramsey and D. Tuthill, 2006. Collaborative Water Resource Decision Support: Results of a Field Experiment, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 96(4): 699-725 Jankowski, P., and T. Nyerges. 2001. GIS for Group Decision Making. Taylor & Francis, London Nyerges, T. and P. Jankowski, 1997. Enhanced Adoptive Structuration Theory: A theory of GIS-supported Collaborative Decision Making, Geographical Systems, 4:3, pp. 225-257

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